{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://data.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/objects/62354","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Chinese, Ming dynasty (1368–1644), Ni Yuanlu 倪元璐 (1593–1644), Friendship in Stone (Shijiao tu 石交圖), 1640. Album leaf; ink and color on satin; , 21.6 x 20.2 cm (Painting), 28.4 x 49 cm (Leaf), 30.4 x 27.8 cm (mat). Bequest of John B. Elliott, Class of 1951 (1998-70 e)"]},"metadata":[{"value":{"en":["

Garden and scholar’s rocks were collected for their fantastical shapes and forms. Seen as miniatures of immortal mountains and heavenly caves, they were imbued with cosmic properties. Lofty and unchanging, rocks were also believed to embody human characteristics. In gardens, such rocks divided space, added texture to a vista, and provided a focus for contemplation.

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A high official and loyalist to the lost Ming dynasty, Ni Yuanlu committed suicide in 1644, when the capital of Beijing fell to rebel forces. This rock, part of a larger set and painted on satin, might express personal attributes that Ni admired or symbolize a circle of close friends.

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