{"secondaryobjectnumber":"","periodterms":[],"creditline":"Museum purchase, Fowler McCormick, Class of 1921, Fund","caption":"Attributed to Bamgbosẹ of Osí-Ìlọrin (died 1920; active Osí-Ìlọrin, Nigeria), Nigeria, Western Africa, Ẹpa helmet mask, before 1920. Wood and pigment; 152.4 cm. 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Kunst</em> (München: Bruckmann, 1975)","citation":"Ulrich Klever, <em>Handbuch Afrikanischer Kunst</em> (München: Bruckmann, 1975), p. 89","date":1975,"id":9676,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/799555553"}],"nowebuse":"False","periods":[],"department":"African and Oceanic Art","attribute_groups":[{"id":2199315,"term":"African Art","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"daterange":"A.D. 1900-1945","dateend":1920,"depicted":[],"titles":[{"title":"Ẹpa helmet mask","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"hasimage":"true","creditlinerepro":null,"objectnumber":"2021-26","inscribed":null,"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"This monumental helmet mask is attributed to Bamgboṣẹ, who resided in Osí-Ìlọrin, an emirate of the Islamic Sokoto Caliphate until 1903, when it was conquered by British colonial forces. Epa masks memorialize celebrated family members and honor those ancestors’ values. Carved from a single block of wood, the unwieldy mask was performed during public festivals, where the dancer, balancing the Janus-faced helmet atop his\n\nhead and shoulders, leapt onto a mound during the dance in a feat of great\n\nstrength. The mask’s elaborate multilevel superstructure of courtly attendants—messengers, soldiers, a drummer, praise singers, and figures\n\nassociated with <i>òrìṣàs </i>(Yorùbá deities)—surrounds a ruler or warrior mounted on horseback. Yorùbá artists frequently represented horses to emphasize military prowess during the Kírìjí War, the series of conflicts between Yorùbá kingdoms in the late nineteenth century.\n","remarks":"AFR_31_CLA.pdf - Day 1 installation"},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Provenance","textentryhtml":"Purchased by Gerd Stoll in Lagos, Nigeria, 1964; Gerd and Mareidi Stoll, Essen, then Munich, Germany, 1968; Mareidi Stoll (d. 2017), Munich, Germany, through divorce, date unknown; purchased by Rolf Miehler, Munich, Germany; [Michael Oliver, New York, as agent for Rolf Miehler]; purchased by the Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, NJ, 2021.","remarks":"Text formatted by Perrin Lathrop, 9/29/2023\r\nRevised by Perrin Lathrop, 4/4/25"}],"datebegin":1920,"sortnumber":"2021   26","published_date":"2026-02-11 14:51:13.317180","objectid":137796,"dimensions":"h. 152.4 cm (60 in.)","on_view":true}