By descent with at least four paintings from the original set of sixteen (Princeton University Art Museum accession numbers 2022-46, 2022-47, 2022-48, 2022-49) in the Minguela family in Spain since at least 1940; following death of José María Minguela Velasco after 1996, the five paintings were distributed among his children Francisco Alfredo, Juan Antonio, José María, and Ana María Minguela Arjona; the group was reassembled in 2018 by dealer Jaime Eguiguren, Buenos Aires; purchased by the Princeton University Art Museum, May 2022.
","remarks":null},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"To enact their economic and imperial ambitions, Europeans imported millions of enslaved Africans to the Americas, who profoundly influenced both their European captors and the region’s diverse Indigenous peoples. Through a varied process of cultural collision, intermarriage, and creolization, new race-based categories took shape. In eighteenth-century Mexico, blood quotient, or the relative proportions of an individual’s racial composition, fundamentally determined social situation. The emergence of a unique genre of art, casta paintings, addressed Mexico’s mixed-race people. Each scene in a series of typically sixteen casta paintings illustrates different interracial couples and their offspring. As the scenes progress, they transition from the most “superior” families to the least, with Spanish heritage and “purity” of blood elevated above other racial types. These vignettes by Guiol suggest how stereotypes of behavior—ranging from exemplary to depraved—were explicitly linked to race, gender, and class and used to justify an inequitable social order.\n","remarks":"AMER1_23-27_WLA Day 1 Cataloguing- Group Chat for 2022-45, 2022-47, and 2022-48"}],"media":[{"id":236934,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAM22_98841","isprimary":1,"rank":1,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"}],"hasimage":"true","bibliography":[],"exhibitions":[{"exhibitionid":3649,"citation":"Object Lessons in American Art: Selections from the Princeton University Art Museum Saturday, February 4, 2023 - Sunday, January 7, 2024","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"2023-02-04","enddate":"2024-01-07","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/3649"}],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place made: North America, Mexico","code":"Place made","continent":"North America","subcontinent":null,"country":"Mexico","region":null,"state":null,"city":null,"county":null,"subregion":null,"locale":null,"locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":"https://www.geonames.org/3996063/mexico.html","location":{"lat":"","lon":""}}],"terms":[{"id":2031673,"term":"Spanish","aatid":300111215,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2038506,"term":"Mexican","aatid":300107963,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2052977,"term":"paintings","aatid":300033618,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2053145,"term":"oil paintings","aatid":300033799,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2167780,"term":"oil paint","aatid":300015050,"termtype":"Materials"},{"id":2044653,"term":"canvas","aatid":300014078,"termtype":"Materials"}],"classifications":[{"id":2053145,"classification":"oil paintings"},{"id":2052977,"classification":"paintings"}],"cultures":[],"cultureterms":[{"id":2031673,"culture":"Spanish"},{"id":2038506,"culture":"Mexican"}],"periods":[],"periodterms":[],"attribute_groups":[{"id":2199323,"term":"Latin American Art","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"62.30"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"55.20"}],"packages":[{"packageid":207234,"name":"SAB_Gala2021"},{"packageid":213904,"name":"Gallery_23-27(Pavilion7)-American"},{"packageid":278831,"name":"10282025-DAY1-ONVIEW"},{"packageid":270705,"name":"Web_CA_2025_LatinAmerican"},{"packageid":205696,"name":"exh_tour_Object_Lessons"}],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAM22_98841"],"displaymaker":"Buenaventura José Guiol, active late 18th century, Mexico","displayculture":null,"displayperiod":null,"caption":"Buenaventura José Guiol (active late 18th century, Mexico), 2. From Spaniard and Mestiza, a Castiza is Born, 1777. Oil on canvas; 62.3 × 55.2 cm. Museum purchase, Fowler McCormick, Class of 1921, Fund (2022-45)","captionhtml":"Buenaventura José Guiol (active late 18th century, Mexico), 2. From Spaniard and Mestiza, a Castiza is Born, 1777. Oil on canvas; 62.3 × 55.2 cm. Museum purchase, Fowler McCormick, Class of 1921, Fund (2022-45)","published_date":"2026-02-11 14:54:36.353782","campusart":[{"campuscollections":"false","campusart":0,"neighborhood":null,"lat":null,"lon":null}],"extended_content":false}