ed. Walter Otto, Handbuch der Archäologie, (München: Beck, 1939-1963).
","citation":"ed. Walter Otto, Handbuch der Archäologie, (München: Beck, 1939-1963).
, Vol. 3: p. 184, n. 4","date":1939,"id":1903,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/988622333"},{"boilertext":"B. S. Ridgway, et al., Greek sculpture in the Art Museum, Princeton University: Greek originals, Roman copies and variants, (Princeton, NJ: The Art Museum, Princeton University, 1994).","citation":"B. S. Ridgway, et al., Greek sculpture in the Art Museum, Princeton University: Greek originals, Roman copies and variants, (Princeton, NJ: The Art Museum, Princeton University, 1994)., no. 15, pp. 53-56, illus.","date":1994,"id":1856,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/30571480"},{"boilertext":"J. Michael Padgett, "The collections of ancient art: the early years," in "An art nuseum for Princeton: the early years", special issue, Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 55, no. 1/2, (1996): p. 107-124.","citation":"J. Michael Padgett, "The collections of ancient art: the early years," in "An art nuseum for Princeton: the early years", special issue, Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 55, no. 1/2, (1996): p. 107-124., p. 116, fig. 9","date":1996,"id":755,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774782"}],"nowebuse":"False","periods":[{"id":12861,"period":"Roman Imperial Period","alphasort":"Roman Imperial Period","begindate":-30,"enddate":467,"displayperiod":"Roman Imperial Period, Julio-Claudian Period, 27–68 CE, ca. 30 BCE–476 CE","displaydate":"ca. 30 BCE–476 CE"}],"department":"Ancient, Byzantine, and Islamic Art","attribute_groups":[{"id":2199316,"term":"Ancient Mediterranean Art","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"daterange":"A.D. 1-500","dateend":55,"depicted":[],"titles":[{"title":"Helmeted head of Athena","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"hasimage":"true","creditlinerepro":"","objectnumber":"y178","inscribed":null,"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Provenance","textentryhtml":"Reportedly uncovered by the Borghese Villa and Gardens, Rome; purchased in Rome by Mrs. M. E. L. Joline in the early 20th century; given to the Museum in 1914.","remarks":null},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"This head depicts the goddess Athena, known as Minerva by the Romans, wearing a helmet pushed up off of her face. While the body does not survive, we can reconstruct its general appearance since this is a Roman replication of an earlier Greek image of the goddess, likely dating to about 400 BCE. While the Greek original is not extant, many later copies are, and the best-preserved example of this type maintains both the body and the original head. Though slightly smaller, the Princeton bust is nearly identical, also exhibiting a slight inclination of the head, a plain helmet and noseguard in relief, and a loose treatment of the hair. The rolled earflaps underneath the helmet are a distinctive feature among this group of sculptures. They may depict an eastern style of cap that the goddess is wearing underneath her more typical helmet.","remarks":"MED2_22_CLA.pdf – Day One Cataloguing"}],"datebegin":45,"sortnumber":"178 y","published_date":"2026-03-05 09:05:17.635635","objectid":19138,"dimensions":"preserved: 32.4 × 19.2 × 21.3 cm (12 3/4 × 7 9/16 × 8 3/8 in.)\r\nbase: 14.1 × 15.5 × 15.4 cm (5 9/16 × 6 1/8 × 6 1/16 in.)","on_view":true}