{"type":"artobject","objectid":20106,"objectnumber":"y1935-5","sortnumber":"1935 5y","displaytitle":"Attributes of the Architect","department":"European Painting and Sculpture ","classification":"Paintings","datebegin":1720,"dateend":1727,"datecomputed":1724,"daterange":"A.D. 1700-1800","displaydate":"ca. 1725–27","medium":"Oil on canvas","dimensions":"50 × 86 cm (19 11/16 × 33 7/8 in.)\r\nframe: 70.8 × 108.9 × 7.6 cm (27 7/8 × 42 7/8 × 3 in.)","dimensionsproposed":"","creditline":"Gift of Helen Clay Frick","markings":null,"inscribed":null,"signed":null,"catalograisonne":null,"creditlinerepro":"","restrictions":null,"nowebuse":"False","secondaryobjectnumber":null,"campuscollections":"false","on_view":true,"accessionyear":"1935-01-01","newaccession":0,"titles":[{"title":"Attributes of the Architect","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"makers":[{"id":6445,"displayname":"Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin","displaydate":"1699–1779; born and died Paris, France","datebegin":1699,"dateend":1779,"prefix":null,"suffix":null,"role":"Artist","displaymaker":"Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, 1699–1779; born and died Paris, France","displayorder":1}],"depicted":[],"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Handbook Entry","textentryhtml":"\r\nChardin practiced an art form that, by tradition, was not of a high rank: in the academic hierarchy, still life was placed lower than history painting, portraiture, genre scenes, or even animal painting. Parisian by birth and at first apprenticed to history painters, Chardin found a vocation in the humble genre of still-life painting, although he also painted figural scenes of contemporary life, combining children or kitchen maids with still-life elements. As Chardin rose from shop-sign painter to member of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture (where he was admitted to the ranks as a painter of still life in 1728), he gained the admiration of artists and collectors, and even the art critic Denis Diderot, who considered him a genius. These paintings, probably a pair of overdoors for a small study, testify to Chardin’s preternatural powers of observation and ability to render different substances in paint. They also are moral portraits of the owners of the tools, the artist and the architect. It has been noted that the dabs of paint on the palette are the colors used in the painting, as if the artist were providing a glimpse of his working practice. Attributes of the Painter includes a further wry, self-referential element in the small sculpture, which Jennifer Montagu has identified as a model by François Duquesnoy for the executioner holding up the head of John the Baptist in a sculpted tableau of the martyrdom of Chardin’s patron saint. ","remarks":"see also y1935-4"},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Provenance","textentryhtml":"?Anonymous sale, Paris, May 15, 1879, lots 27-28; anonymous sale, Paris, April 19, 1880, lots 8-9; anonymous sale, Lair-Dubreuil, Paris, April 24, 1907, lots 13-14, to Flameng; François Flameng, Paris (1907–1919; sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, May 26, 1919, lots 5-6); Jules Féral, Paris; Demotte, Paris and New York (in 1935; sold to Helen Clay Frick for Princeton University Art Museum).","remarks":"Migrated from 9.35 12/2013"},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"When Chardin was admitted to the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture in Paris in 1728, still life ranked beneath history painting, portraiture, genre scenes, and even animal painting in the Academy’s hierarchy. But in these paintings, Chardin elevates humble subject matter into reflections on the acts of painting and observation, thereby signaling the intellectual value of still life painting. In Attributes of the Painter, Chardin introduces objects that highlight painting’s materiality: the artist’s palette with dabs of paint and two small pig-bladder containers used to store additional pigments. In Attributes of the Architect, the artist presents the tools of draftsmanship, which appear startingly naturalistic from a distance but become less legible beneath his flurry of strokes when viewed up close.\n","remarks":"CRSS_17_WLA - Day 1 Installation (group chat for y1935-4, y1935-5)"}],"media":[{"id":231626,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAM21GA41125","isprimary":1,"rank":1,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"}],"hasimage":"true","bibliography":[{"boilertext":"Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collections (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2013)","citation":"Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collections (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2013), p. 204","date":2013,"id":1994,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/865020505"},{"boilertext":"John D. Morse, Old Masters in America: a comprehensive guide; more than two-thousand paintings in United States and Canada by forty famous artists, (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1955).","citation":"John D. Morse, Old Masters in America: a comprehensive guide; more than two-thousand paintings in United States and Canada by forty famous artists, (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1955)., p. 25","date":1955,"id":4039,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/1431691"},{"boilertext":"Pierre Rosenberg, Chardin: new thoughts, (Lawrence, KS: Helen Foresman Spencer Museum of Art, University of Kansas, 1983).","citation":"Pierre Rosenberg, Chardin: new thoughts, (Lawrence, KS: Helen Foresman Spencer Museum of Art, University of Kansas, 1983)., p. 21, fig. 11","date":1983,"id":4177,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/9963337"},{"boilertext":"Pierre Rosenberg, Chardin: suivi du catalogue des oeuvres, (Paris: Flammarion, 1999).","citation":"Pierre Rosenberg, Chardin: suivi du catalogue des oeuvres, (Paris: Flammarion, 1999)., p. 193, no. 8","date":1999,"id":4178,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/44406418"},{"boilertext":"Pierre Rosenberg, L'opera completa di Chardin, (Milano: Rizzoli, 1983).","citation":"Pierre Rosenberg, L'opera completa di Chardin, (Milano: Rizzoli, 1983)., p. 71, no. 8 (illus.)","date":1983,"id":4181,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/11194799"},{"boilertext":"Old master paintings: New York Wednesday, June 5, 2002, (New York: Sotheby's, 2001).","citation":"Old master paintings: New York Wednesday, June 5, 2002, (New York: Sotheby's, 2001)., no. 106 (Lot 94)","date":2001,"id":4183,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/213946793"},{"boilertext":"Martha Frick Symington, Helen Clay Frick: bittersweet heiress, (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2008).","citation":"Martha Frick Symington, Helen Clay Frick: bittersweet heiress, (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2008)., p. 240 (illus.)","date":2008,"id":4184,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/152559765"},{"boilertext":"History of still life and flower painting, (Montclair, NJ: Montclair Art Museum, 1948).","citation":"History of still life and flower painting, (Montclair, NJ: Montclair Art Museum, 1948)., no. 2, 3","date":1948,"id":4185,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/14907918"},{"boilertext":"Old masters: 100 years of painting: French, English and American paintings from the mid-18th century: February 7 thru March 2, 1952, (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts, 1952).","citation":"Old masters: 100 years of painting: French, English and American paintings from the mid-18th century: February 7 thru March 2, 1952, (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts, 1952)., no. 1","date":1952,"id":4186,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/24112430"},{"boilertext":"Pierre Rosenberg, Chardin, 1699-1779: a special exhibition organized by the Réunion des Musées Nationaux, Paris, the Cleveland Museum of Art, and Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, (Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979).","citation":"Pierre Rosenberg, Chardin, 1699-1779: a special exhibition organized by the Réunion des Musées Nationaux, Paris, the Cleveland Museum of Art, and Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, (Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979)., no. 32","date":1979,"id":4187,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/4956517"},{"boilertext":"Philippe Cros, Chardin, (Paris : Adam Biro, 1999).","citation":"Philippe Cros, Chardin, (Paris : Adam Biro, 1999)., p. 25 (illus.)","date":1999,"id":4188,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/45963405"},{"boilertext":"Exposition Chardin et Fragonard organisée par le Comité Chardin et Fragonard et la revue \"L’Art et les artistes\", (Paris: Galerie Georges Petit, 1907).","citation":"Exposition Chardin et Fragonard organisée par le Comité Chardin et Fragonard et la revue \"L’Art et les artistes\", (Paris: Galerie Georges Petit, 1907)., no. 12, 13","date":1907,"id":4189,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/11126179"},{"boilertext":"Jean Guiffrey, Catalogue raisonné de l’œuvre peint et dessiné de J.-B. Siméon Chardin: suivi de la liste des gravures exécutées d’après ses ouvraves, (Paris: Piazza et cie, 1907).","citation":"Jean Guiffrey, Catalogue raisonné de l’œuvre peint et dessiné de J.-B. Siméon Chardin: suivi de la liste des gravures exécutées d’après ses ouvraves, (Paris: Piazza et cie, 1907)., no. 122","date":1907,"id":4190,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/2785171"},{"boilertext":"Herbert Furst, Chardin, (London: Methuen & Co., 1911).","citation":"Herbert Furst, Chardin, (London: Methuen & Co., 1911)., pg. 124","date":1911,"id":4191,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/1320048"},{"boilertext":"Catalogue de tableaux anciens, dessins, miniatures, sculptures, (Paris: Galerie Georges Petit, 1919).","citation":"Catalogue de tableaux anciens, dessins, miniatures, sculptures, (Paris: Galerie Georges Petit, 1919)., no. 6","date":1919,"id":4192,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/795140392"},{"boilertext":"Georges Wildenstein, Chardin, (Paris: Les Beaux-arts, édition d’études et de documents, 1933).","citation":"Georges Wildenstein, Chardin, (Paris: Les Beaux-arts, édition d’études et de documents, 1933)., no. 1135, 1136","date":1933,"id":4193,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/1220985"},{"boilertext":"\"Notes: The Museum of Historic Art\", Bulletin of the Department of Art and Archaeology, (Jun., 1935): p. 17-19.","citation":"\"Notes: The Museum of Historic Art\", Bulletin of the Department of Art and Archaeology, (Jun., 1935): p. 17-19., p. 17-18","date":1935,"id":4194,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/2266455"},{"boilertext":"Chardin and the modern still life: Marie Harriman Gallery: November, 1936, (New York: Marie Harriman Gallery, 1936).","citation":"Chardin and the modern still life: Marie Harriman Gallery: November, 1936, (New York: Marie Harriman Gallery, 1936)., no. 2, 3","date":1936,"id":4196,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/80284742"},{"boilertext":"French still life from Chardin to Cezanne: loan exhibition for the benefit of the Quaker Emergency Service, Oct. 29 - Nov. 22, 1947, Arnold Seligmann-Helft Galleries, (New York: Arnold Seligmann-Helft Galleries, 1947).","citation":"French still life from Chardin to Cezanne: loan exhibition for the benefit of the Quaker Emergency Service, Oct. 29 - Nov. 22, 1947, Arnold Seligmann-Helft Galleries, (New York: Arnold Seligmann-Helft Galleries, 1947)., no. 18","date":1947,"id":4198,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/38714128"},{"boilertext":"William George, The painter’s workshop, (London; New York: Oxford University Press, 1954).","citation":"William George, The painter’s workshop, (London; New York: Oxford University Press, 1954)., p. 23, 25, 27; pl. 2","date":1954,"id":4199,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/65572930"},{"boilertext":"F. Schmid, \"The painter's implements in eighteenth-century art\", Burlington magazine 108, no. 763 (Oct., 1966): p. 519-521.","citation":"F. Schmid, \"The painter's implements in eighteenth-century art\", Burlington magazine 108, no. 763 (Oct., 1966): p. 519-521., p. 519","date":1966,"id":4200,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/5548507608"},{"boilertext":"Allen Rosenbaum and Francis F. Jones, Selections from The Art Museum, Princeton University, (Princeton, NJ: The Art Museum, Princeton University, 1986)","citation":"Allen Rosenbaum and Francis F. Jones, Selections from The Art Museum, Princeton University, (Princeton, NJ: The Art Museum, Princeton University, 1986), p. 95 (illus.)\r\n","date":1986,"id":1899,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/14244748"}],"exhibitions":[],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place made: Europe, France","code":"Place made","continent":"Europe","subcontinent":null,"country":"France","region":null,"state":null,"city":null,"county":null,"subregion":null,"locale":null,"locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":"http://www.geonames.org/maps/google_46_2.html","location":{"lat":"","lon":""}}],"terms":[{"id":2053145,"term":"oil paintings","aatid":300033799,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2031609,"term":"French","aatid":300111188,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2125777,"term":"books","aatid":300028051,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2055802,"term":"still lifes","aatid":300015638,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2061154,"term":"white (color)","aatid":300129784,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2061162,"term":"gray (color)","aatid":300130811,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2089735,"term":"architects","aatid":300024987,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2140746,"term":"compasses","aatid":300022488,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2142936,"term":"ruler (guiding tool)","aatid":300022527,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2043816,"term":"papers (fiber products)","aatid":300014109,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2052977,"term":"paintings","aatid":300033618,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2171344,"term":"canvas","aatid":null,"termtype":"Materials"},{"id":2167780,"term":"oil paint","aatid":300015050,"termtype":"Materials"}],"classifications":[{"id":2052977,"classification":"paintings"},{"id":2053145,"classification":"oil paintings"}],"cultures":[],"cultureterms":[{"id":2031609,"culture":"French"}],"periods":[],"periodterms":[],"attribute_groups":[{"id":2199321,"term":"European Art","termtype":"Collecting Area"},{"id":2199338,"term":"Nazi-era gaps","termtype":"Provenance & Cultural Heritage"}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"50.00"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"86.00"},{"element":"frame","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"70.80"},{"element":"frame","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"108.90"},{"element":"frame","type":"Depth","units":"centimeters","dimension":"7.61"}],"packages":[{"packageid":210962,"name":"Z_JS European On View 10 years"},{"packageid":182999,"name":"image_descriptions_eps_painitings"},{"packageid":214020,"name":"Gallery_17-CrossCollections"},{"packageid":152533,"name":"web_frenchpaintings"},{"packageid":246533,"name":"EPS Provenance Nazi-era gaps"},{"packageid":278831,"name":"10282025-DAY1-ONVIEW"},{"packageid":224153,"name":"2023_ART209_04_19"},{"packageid":181959,"name":"web_2020_K4-6"},{"packageid":197269,"name":"web_highlights -revised 2021"},{"packageid":276252,"name":"Nazi Era Sept 2025 list for web"},{"packageid":123,"name":"Web_Provenance"},{"packageid":210960,"name":"Z_JS European Anchors"},{"packageid":207234,"name":"SAB_Gala2021"}],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAM21GA41125"],"displaymaker":"Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, 1699–1779; born and died Paris, France","displayculture":null,"displayperiod":null,"caption":"Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin (1699–1779; born and died Paris, France), Attributes of the Architect, ca. 1725–27. Oil on canvas; 50 × 86 cm, 70.8 × 108.9 × 7.6 cm (frame). Gift of Helen Clay Frick (y1935-5)","captionhtml":"Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin (1699–1779; born and died Paris, France), Attributes of the Architect, ca. 1725–27. Oil on canvas; 50 × 86 cm, 70.8 × 108.9 × 7.6 cm (frame). Gift of Helen Clay Frick (y1935-5)","published_date":"2026-02-11 09:24:33.232291","campusart":[{"campuscollections":"false","campusart":0,"neighborhood":null,"lat":null,"lon":null}],"extended_content":false}