{"secondaryobjectnumber":"","periodterms":[{"id":2043168,"period":"Ethiopian styles"}],"creditline":"Bequest of Gillett G. Griffin","caption":"Artist unidentified, Ethiopia, Eastern Africa, Mäsquäl (hand cross), 17th–18th century. Metal; 19.5 × 7.5 × 0.5 cm. Bequest of Gillett G. Griffin (2016-667)","cultureterms":[{"id":2041478,"culture":"African"}],"type":"artobject","dimensionsproposed":"","terms":[{"id":2159120,"term":"crosses (motifs)","aatid":300010044,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2041478,"term":"African","aatid":300015647,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2043168,"term":"Ethiopian styles","aatid":300016435,"termtype":"Period / Style"},{"id":2048566,"term":"crosses (objects)","aatid":300235443,"termtype":"Classification"}],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place made: Africa, Ethiopia, Amhara or Tigray region","code":"Place made","continent":"Africa","subcontinent":"Eastern Africa","country":"Ethiopia","region":null,"state":null,"city":null,"county":null,"subregion":null,"locale":"Amhara or Tigray region","locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":"http://www.geonames.org/337996/federal-democratic-republic-of-ethiopia.html","location":{"lat":"","lon":""}}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"19.50"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"7.50"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Depth","units":"centimeters","dimension":"0.50"}],"markings":null,"accessionyear":"2016-01-01","newaccession":0,"makers":[{"id":12918,"displayname":"Artist unidentified","displaydate":null,"datebegin":0,"dateend":0,"prefix":null,"suffix":null,"role":"Artist","displaymaker":"Artist unidentified","displayorder":1}],"datecomputed":1700,"signed":null,"restrictions":null,"classification":"Ceremonial Objects","packages":[{"packageid":278831,"name":"10282025-DAY1-ONVIEW"},{"packageid":223066,"name":"Gallery_31_African"}],"catalograisonne":null,"classifications":[{"id":2048566,"classification":"crosses (objects)"}],"exhibitions":[],"cultures":[],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/INV63874"],"displaytitle":"Mäsquäl (hand cross)","displayculture":null,"displaymaker":"Artist unidentified","captionhtml":"Artist unidentified, Ethiopia, Eastern Africa, <i>Mäsquäl (hand cross)</i>, 17th–18th century. Metal; 19.5 × 7.5 × 0.5 cm. Bequest of Gillett G. Griffin (2016-667)","displaydate":"17th–18th century","medium":"Metal","media":[{"id":143056,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/INV63874","isprimary":1,"rank":1,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"Inventory Project"}],"displayperiod":null,"extended_content":false,"campuscollections":"false","bibliography":[{"boilertext":"<p>\"Acquisitions of the Princeton University Art Museum 2016,\" <em>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</em> 75/76 (2016-17): 126-157.</p>","citation":"<p>\"Acquisitions of the Princeton University Art Museum 2016,\" <em>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</em> 75/76 (2016-17): 126-157.</p>, p. 154","date":2016,"id":9662,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/i40228781"}],"nowebuse":"False","periods":[],"department":"African and Oceanic Art","attribute_groups":[{"id":2199315,"term":"African Art","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"daterange":"A.D. 1700-1800","dateend":1799,"depicted":[],"titles":[{"title":"Mäsquäl (hand cross)","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"hasimage":"true","creditlinerepro":null,"objectnumber":"2016-667","inscribed":null,"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Provenance","textentryhtml":"<p>\n\tGillett G. Griffin (1928-2016), Princeton, NJ; bequeathed to the Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, NJ, 2016.\n</p>","remarks":"Cannot find any additional documentation in the curatorial file. Griffin archival files should be reviewed. - PL, 4/4/25   "},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Multivocal Label","textentryhtml":"<p>\n\tThe first documented use of hand crosses in Ethiopia dates to the fifteenth century. In the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, hand crosses are distinctive markers of ordained priests, who carry them not only during religious services but also in their daily lives. A priest customarily greets the laity by extending his hand cross, which the faithful bow to and kiss. Metal crosses like this one were made by the lost-wax technique; its flared arms, long, slender handle, and square base evoke the earliest metal crosses in Ethiopia. The wooden hand cross features a more complex design that combines intricate geometric motifs with figural forms. In addition to the body of Christ, which is carved on both sides, a scene at the base may represent the Resurrection.\n</p>\n<p><b>\n\tMeseret Oldjira</b>, Graduate School Class of 2024\n</p>","remarks":"AFR_31_WLA.pdf - Day 1 installation - Group chat for 2023-263 and 2016-667"}],"datebegin":1600,"sortnumber":"2016  667","published_date":"2026-02-11 07:24:07.110327","objectid":2346,"dimensions":"19.5 × 7.5 × 0.5 cm (7 11/16 × 2 15/16 × 3/16 in.)","on_view":true}