{"type":"artobject","objectid":24625,"objectnumber":"y1954-46","sortnumber":"1954   46y","displaytitle":"Angel","department":"European Painting and Sculpture ","classification":"Sculpture","datebegin":1200,"dateend":1299,"datecomputed":1250,"daterange":"A.D. 1000-1500","displaydate":"13th century","medium":"Wood","dimensions":"67.5 × 17 × 16 cm (26 9/16 × 6 11/16 × 6 5/16 in.)","dimensionsproposed":"","creditline":"Museum purchase, gift of Carl Otto von Kienbusch, Class of 1906, for the Carl Otto von Kienbusch Jr., Memorial Collection","markings":null,"inscribed":null,"signed":null,"catalograisonne":null,"creditlinerepro":"","restrictions":null,"nowebuse":"False","secondaryobjectnumber":null,"campuscollections":"false","on_view":false,"accessionyear":"1954-01-01","newaccession":0,"titles":[{"title":"Angel","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"makers":[],"depicted":[],"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"\r\nThese figures, which have lost their wings, belong to a type of angel that began to appear in Northern French churches in the mid-thirteenth century. Because of their relatively rough carving, the Princeton angels may be from the southern Netherlands. Made in groups of two to six, such angels were on pillars supporting curtains to set off the most sacred space in the church, the area around the altar, which represented the Heavenly Jerusalem. Some angels held candles, musical instruments, or instruments of the Passion. The appearance of numerous angels in the decoration of&nbsp;churches in the thirteenth century attests to the renewed interest in them, thanks to St. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) and his theological treatise, <EM>Summa Theologica, </EM>in which the hierarchy of angels was defined. </P></SPAN>","remarks":"Medieval Reinstallation"},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Provenance","textentryhtml":"Baron Schickler, Cherbourg. (Mathias Komor, New York); 1954 museum purchase.\n","remarks":null}],"media":[{"id":17459,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/y1954-46","isprimary":1,"rank":1,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"}],"hasimage":"true","bibliography":[{"boilertext":"<p><em>The Carl Otto von Kienbusch, Jr. Memorial Collection</em> (Princeton: Princeton University Art Museum, 1956)</p>","citation":"<p><em>The Carl Otto von Kienbusch, Jr. Memorial Collection</em> (Princeton: Princeton University Art Museum, 1956)</p>, cat. no. 33 (illus.)","date":1956,"id":1824,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/3809022"},{"boilertext":"\"Recent acquisitions\", <em>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</em> 14, no. 1 (1955): p. 17-19.","citation":"\"Recent acquisitions\", <em>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</em> 14, no. 1 (1955): p. 17-19., p. 17","date":1955,"id":3782,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774235"},{"boilertext":"Richard H. Randall, Jr., \"Thirteenth century altar angels\", <EM>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</EM> 18, no. 1 (1959): p. 2-16.","citation":"Richard H. Randall, Jr., \"Thirteenth century altar angels\", <EM>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</EM> 18, no. 1 (1959): p. 2-16., fig. 1, p. 4 (illus.)","date":1959,"id":3783,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774385"},{"boilertext":"Allen Rosenbaum and Francis F. Jones,<em> Selections from The Art Museum, Princeton University, </em>(Princeton,&nbsp;NJ: The Art Museum, Princeton University, 1986)","citation":"Allen Rosenbaum and Francis F. Jones,<em> Selections from The Art Museum, Princeton University, </em>(Princeton,&nbsp;NJ: The Art Museum, Princeton University, 1986), p. 58 (illus.)","date":1986,"id":1899,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/14244748"},{"boilertext":"Robert A. Koch, \"A Gothic sculpture of the Ascending Christ\", <EM>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</EM> 19, no. 1 (1960): p. 37-43.","citation":"Robert A. Koch, \"A Gothic sculpture of the Ascending Christ\", <EM>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</EM> 19, no. 1 (1960): p. 37-43., p. 37","date":1960,"id":6500,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774361"}],"exhibitions":[{"exhibitionid":1579,"citation":"The Carl Otto von Kienbusch, Jr. Memorial Collection (Princeton University Art Museum, June 1956)","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"1956-06","enddate":"1956-06","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/1579"}],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place made: Europe, Netherlands","code":"Place made","continent":"Europe","subcontinent":null,"country":"Netherlands","region":null,"state":null,"city":null,"county":null,"subregion":null,"locale":null,"locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":null,"location":{"lat":"","lon":""}}],"terms":[{"id":2054791,"term":"sculpture","aatid":300047090,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2031609,"term":"French","aatid":300111188,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2156347,"term":"carving","aatid":300053149,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2031630,"term":"Netherlandish","aatid":300020929,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2055657,"term":"figures (representations)","aatid":300189808,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2171831,"term":"angels","aatid":null,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2095964,"term":"religious art","aatid":300248179,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2045920,"term":"wood","aatid":300011914,"termtype":"Materials"}],"classifications":[{"id":2054791,"classification":"sculpture"}],"cultures":[{"id":14524,"culture":"Netherlandish","alphasort":"Netherlandish","begindate":0,"enddate":0,"displayculture":"Netherlandish or Northern French","displaydate":null}],"cultureterms":[{"id":2031609,"culture":"French"},{"id":2031630,"culture":"Netherlandish"}],"periods":[],"periodterms":[],"attribute_groups":[{"id":2199321,"term":"European Art","termtype":"Collecting Area"},{"id":2199338,"term":"Nazi-era gaps","termtype":"Provenance & Cultural Heritage"}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"67.50"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"17.00"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Depth","units":"centimeters","dimension":"16.00"}],"packages":[{"packageid":210962,"name":"Z_JS European On View 10 years"},{"packageid":246533,"name":"EPS Provenance Nazi-era gaps"},{"packageid":181985,"name":"web_2020_medieval"},{"packageid":276252,"name":"Nazi Era Sept 2025 list for web"},{"packageid":210960,"name":"Z_JS European Anchors"},{"packageid":207234,"name":"SAB_Gala2021"}],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/y1954-46"],"displaymaker":null,"displayculture":"Netherlandish or Northern French","displayperiod":null,"caption":"Netherlandish or Northern French, Angel, 13th century. Wood; 67.5 × 17 × 16 cm. Museum purchase, gift of Carl Otto von Kienbusch, Class of 1906, for the Carl Otto von Kienbusch Jr., Memorial Collection (y1954-46)","captionhtml":"Netherlandish or Northern French, <i>Angel</i>, 13th century. Wood; 67.5 × 17 × 16 cm. Museum purchase, gift of Carl Otto von Kienbusch, Class of 1906, for the Carl Otto von Kienbusch Jr., Memorial Collection (y1954-46)","published_date":"2026-02-11 10:04:31.688527","campusart":[{"campuscollections":"false","campusart":0,"neighborhood":null,"lat":null,"lon":null}],"extended_content":false}