{"secondaryobjectnumber":null,"periodterms":[],"creditline":"Gift of J. O. MacIntosh, Class of 1902","caption":"Asher Brown Durand (1796–1886; born Jefferson, NJ; died Maplewood, NJ), Landscape, 1859. Oil on canvas; 77 × 61.5 cm, 100 × 84.1 × 11.7 cm (frame). Gift of J. O. MacIntosh, Class of 1902 (y1955-3249)","cultureterms":[{"id":2038492,"culture":"American"}],"type":"artobject","dimensionsproposed":"","terms":[{"id":2053145,"term":"oil paintings","aatid":300033799,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2038492,"term":"American","aatid":300107956,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2055657,"term":"figures (representations)","aatid":300189808,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2119857,"term":"rivers","aatid":300008707,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2120173,"term":"valleys (landforms)","aatid":300008761,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2172711,"term":"hills","aatid":300008777,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2120474,"term":"trees","aatid":300132410,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2052977,"term":"paintings","aatid":300033618,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2055694,"term":"landscapes (representations)","aatid":300015636,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2171344,"term":"canvas","aatid":null,"termtype":"Materials"},{"id":2167780,"term":"oil paint","aatid":300015050,"termtype":"Materials"}],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place depicted: United States, New York, Hudson River Valley","code":"Place depicted","continent":null,"subcontinent":null,"country":"United States","region":null,"state":"New York","city":null,"county":null,"subregion":null,"locale":"Hudson River Valley","locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":"https://www.geonames.org/5121521/hudson-river.html","location":{"lat":"","lon":""}}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"Overall","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"61.50"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"77.00"},{"element":"frame","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"100.01"},{"element":"frame","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"84.13"},{"element":"frame","type":"Depth","units":"centimeters","dimension":"11.74"}],"markings":null,"accessionyear":"1955-01-01","newaccession":0,"makers":[{"id":5711,"displayname":"Asher B. Durand","displaydate":"1796–1886; born Jefferson, NJ; died Maplewood, NJ","datebegin":1796,"dateend":1886,"prefix":null,"suffix":null,"role":"Artist","displaymaker":"Asher B. Durand, 1796–1886; born Jefferson, NJ; died Maplewood, NJ","displayorder":1}],"datecomputed":1859,"signed":"Signed and dated lower left: A B Durand 1859.","restrictions":null,"classification":"Paintings","packages":[{"packageid":278831,"name":"10282025-DAY1-ONVIEW"},{"packageid":213904,"name":"Gallery_23-27(Pavilion7)-American"},{"packageid":197269,"name":"web_highlights -revised 2021"},{"packageid":203264,"name":"web_ObjectLessons_Sections_02-07_Race"},{"packageid":207234,"name":"SAB_Gala2021"},{"packageid":181960,"name":"web_2020_MEB"},{"packageid":195578,"name":"PUAM_American"},{"packageid":204016,"name":"x-COMPLETE-image_descriptions_American_Art_paintings"},{"packageid":205696,"name":"exh_tour_Object_Lessons"}],"catalograisonne":null,"classifications":[{"id":2052977,"classification":"paintings"},{"id":2053145,"classification":"oil paintings"}],"exhibitions":[{"exhibitionid":2818,"citation":"Princeton University Art Museum 10/13/2018–1/6/2019 \r\nPeabody Essex Museum 02/02/2019–5/5/2019 \r\nCrystal Bridges Museum of American Art 5/25/2019–9/9/2019 \r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"2018-10-13","enddate":"2019-01-06","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/2818"},{"exhibitionid":3649,"citation":"Object Lessons in American Art: Selections from the Princeton University Art Museum Saturday, February 4, 2023 - Sunday, January 7, 2024","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"2023-02-04","enddate":"2024-01-07","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/3649"}],"cultures":[],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMSTU2016_38644"],"displaytitle":"Landscape","displayculture":null,"displaymaker":"Asher B. Durand, 1796–1886; born Jefferson, NJ; died Maplewood, NJ","captionhtml":"Asher Brown Durand (1796–1886; born Jefferson, NJ; died Maplewood, NJ), <i>Landscape</i>, 1859. Oil on canvas; 77 × 61.5 cm, 100 × 84.1 × 11.7 cm (frame). Gift of J. O. MacIntosh, Class of 1902 (y1955-3249)","displaydate":"1859","medium":"Oil on canvas","media":[{"id":210334,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMSTU2016_38644","isprimary":1,"rank":1,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM photo"}],"displayperiod":null,"extended_content":false,"campuscollections":"false","bibliography":[{"boilertext":"\"Recent acquisitions,\" <i>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University </i>15, no. 1 (1956): p. 26-27.","citation":"\"Recent acquisitions,\" <i>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University </i>15, no. 1 (1956): p. 26-27., p. 26","date":1956,"id":1832,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/i291443"},{"boilertext":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collections </i>(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2013)","citation":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collections </i>(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2013), p. 239","date":2013,"id":1994,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/865020505"}],"nowebuse":"False","periods":[],"department":"American Art","attribute_groups":[{"id":2199325,"term":"North American Art","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"daterange":"A.D. 1850-1900","dateend":1859,"depicted":[],"titles":[{"title":"Landscape","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"hasimage":"true","creditlinerepro":"","objectnumber":"y1955-3249","inscribed":null,"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Handbook Entry","textentryhtml":"\r\nAlthough regarded with Thomas Cole as a principal founder of the indigenous Hudson River School, which extolled the American wilderness as a portent of national character and promise, Asher Durand did not produce landscapes in earnest until the late 1830s, toward the end of Cole’s brief life. Durand began his career as an engraver, and gravitated first to portraiture before ultimately achieving wide renown as both a theorist and a practitioner of American landscape painting. In 1855, he wrote the influential <I>Letters on Landscape Painting</I>, advocating direct study of nature through meticulous on-site oil sketches that could be combined into more ambitious studio compositions such as <I>Landscape</I>, in which the grandeur of American scenery was invested with allegorical meaning. Adopting in these idealized works compositional techniques codified by Claude Lorrain (1604–1682), including graduated spatial recession via diminishing formal elements and gradational tonal modulation, Durand presented the American wilderness as harmonious and logical, simultaneously suggesting its appeal and availability for productive development. As if to underscore this idea, <I>Landscape</I> incorporates a diminutive but central figure — appropriately attired in red, white, and blue — depicted walking into the inviting scene, much as contemporary Americans envisioned &shy;occupying the continent. </P></SPAN>","remarks":"also used as gallery label for MEB rotation July 2015"},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"Two Hudson River School paintings of the 1850s, each composed in a studio rather than directly observed outdoors, appear idyllic but offer distinct visions of the increasingly racialized American landscape. The diminutive figure in Asher Durand’s painting—appropriately attired in red, white, and blue—strides into the wilderness unfolding before him as a visual correlate of Manifest Destiny, the expansionist rhetoric that justified America’s territorial growth at the expense of Native Americans. The composition’s alternating, wedge-like forms lead progressively from the darker tones in the foreground into the light beyond, effectively presenting the American environment as logical, harmonious, and accessible. The landscape by Robert Duncanson, an African American who was actively engaged in Abolitionist causes, features three small figures subtly but intentionally rendered in discrete white, brown, and black skin tones, suggesting—in contrast to the settler colonialism conjured by Durand—a utopian America of harmonious and congenial racial relations.\n","remarks":"AMER2_23-27_WLA  Day 1 Cataloguing  Group chat for y1955-3249 and 2011-107"},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Provenance","textentryhtml":"Acquired by J. O. MacIntosh, Philadelphia (PA), by 1955; donated to the Princeton University Art Museum, 1955.","remarks":null}],"datebegin":1859,"sortnumber":"1955 3249y","published_date":"2026-02-11 10:07:57.440193","objectid":27252,"dimensions":"77 × 61.5 cm (30 5/16 × 24 3/16 in.)\r\nframe: 100 × 84.1 × 11.7 cm (39 3/8 × 33 1/8 × 4 5/8 in.)","on_view":true}