{"secondaryobjectnumber":null,"periodterms":[],"creditline":"Museum purchase, Carl Otto von Kienbusch Jr., Memorial Collection","caption":"Antonio Leonelli (Italian, Crevalcore, active 1478–before 1525), Saint Francis, 1490s. Tempera on wood panel; 74.5 × 56 cm, 90.5 × 71.8 × 3.5 cm (frame). Museum purchase, Carl Otto von Kienbusch Jr., Memorial Collection (y1956-3)","cultureterms":[{"id":2031625,"culture":"Italian"}],"type":"artobject","dimensionsproposed":"","terms":[{"id":2097440,"term":"stigmatization","aatid":300065709,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2031625,"term":"Italian","aatid":300111198,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2055657,"term":"figures (representations)","aatid":300189808,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2171706,"term":"clouds","aatid":null,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2095174,"term":"saints","aatid":300150555,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2073719,"term":"coffins","aatid":300197585,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2052984,"term":"paintings","aatid":300033618,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2088270,"term":"men","aatid":300025928,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2167890,"term":"tempera","aatid":300015062,"termtype":"Materials"},{"id":2047925,"term":"panel (wood)","aatid":300014657,"termtype":"Materials"}],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place made: Europe, Bologna","code":"Place made","continent":"Europe","subcontinent":null,"country":null,"region":null,"state":null,"city":"Bologna","county":null,"subregion":null,"locale":null,"locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":"http://www.geonames.org/maps/google_44.494_11.339.html","location":{"lat":"","lon":""}}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"frame","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"90.48"},{"element":"frame","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"71.75"},{"element":"frame","type":"Depth","units":"centimeters","dimension":"3.49"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"74.45"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"56.03"}],"markings":null,"accessionyear":"1956-01-01","newaccession":0,"makers":[{"id":4633,"displayname":"Antonio Leonelli","displaydate":"Italian, Crevalcore, active 1478–before 1525","datebegin":1478,"dateend":1525,"prefix":null,"suffix":null,"role":"Artist","displaymaker":"Antonio Leonelli, Italian, Crevalcore, active 1478–before 1525","displayorder":1}],"datecomputed":1494,"signed":null,"restrictions":null,"classification":"Paintings","packages":[{"packageid":210962,"name":"Z_JS European On View 10 years"},{"packageid":182999,"name":"image_descriptions_eps_painitings"},{"packageid":246533,"name":"EPS Provenance Nazi-era gaps"},{"packageid":190619,"name":"x-COMPLETE-Image_descriptions_HB"},{"packageid":276252,"name":"Nazi Era Sept 2025 list for web"},{"packageid":181958,"name":"web_2020_K1-3"}],"catalograisonne":null,"classifications":[{"id":2052984,"classification":"paintings"}],"exhibitions":[{"exhibitionid":1579,"citation":"The Carl Otto von Kienbusch, Jr. Memorial Collection (Princeton University Art Museum, June 1956)","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"1956-06","enddate":"1956-06","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/1579"}],"cultures":[],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMANX23_6963"],"displaytitle":"Saint Francis","displayculture":null,"displaymaker":"Antonio Leonelli, Italian, Crevalcore, active 1478–before 1525","captionhtml":"Antonio Leonelli (Italian, Crevalcore, active 1478–before 1525), <i>Saint Francis</i>, 1490s. Tempera on wood panel; 74.5 × 56 cm, 90.5 × 71.8 × 3.5 cm (frame). Museum purchase, Carl Otto von Kienbusch Jr., Memorial Collection (y1956-3)","displaydate":"1490s","medium":"Tempera on wood panel","media":[{"id":244977,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMANX23_6964","isprimary":0,"rank":2,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"},{"id":244978,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMANX23_6963","isprimary":1,"rank":1,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"}],"displayperiod":null,"extended_content":true,"campuscollections":"false","bibliography":[{"boilertext":"<p><em>The Carl Otto von Kienbusch, Jr. Memorial Collection</em> (Princeton: Princeton University Art Museum, 1956)</p>","citation":"<p><em>The Carl Otto von Kienbusch, Jr. Memorial Collection</em> (Princeton: Princeton University Art Museum, 1956)</p>, no. 45 (illus.)","date":1956,"id":1824,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/3809022"},{"boilertext":"\"Recent acquisitions,\" <i>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</i> 16, no. 1 (1957): p. 12-14.","citation":"\"Recent acquisitions,\" <i>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</i> 16, no. 1 (1957): p. 12-14., p. 12","date":1957,"id":1830,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774252"},{"boilertext":"Marilyn Aronberg Lavin, \"Saint Francis reads a psalm: a two-sided processional panel,\" <EM>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University </EM>44, no. 2 (1985): 32–35.","citation":"Marilyn Aronberg Lavin, \"Saint Francis reads a psalm: a two-sided processional panel,\" <EM>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University </EM>44, no. 2 (1985): 32–35., pp. 32–33, figs. 1–2","date":1985,"id":3140,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774621"},{"boilertext":"<EM>Reflections of the passion: selected works from the Princeton University Art Museum: March 9-June 9, 2002</EM>, (New York: Princeton University Art Museum, 2002).","citation":"<EM>Reflections of the passion: selected works from the Princeton University Art Museum: March 9-June 9, 2002</EM>, (New York: Princeton University Art Museum, 2002)., no. 14","date":2002,"id":3745,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/82053629"},{"boilertext":"B. B. Fredericksen and F. Zeri, <EM>Census of pre-nineteenth-century Italian paintings in North American collections</EM>, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972).","citation":"B. B. Fredericksen and F. Zeri, <EM>Census of pre-nineteenth-century Italian paintings in North American collections</EM>, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972)., p. 104","date":1972,"id":572,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/488066386"},{"boilertext":"Bernard Berenson, <EM>Italian pictures of the Renaissance: a list of the principal artists and their works with an index of places: Venetian school, </EM>(New York: Phaidon Publishers, 1957).&nbsp;","citation":"Bernard Berenson, <EM>Italian pictures of the Renaissance: a list of the principal artists and their works with an index of places: Venetian school, </EM>(New York: Phaidon Publishers, 1957).&nbsp;, p. 10","date":1957,"id":4276,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/471699360"},{"boilertext":"<EM>Italian, Spanish and other primitive &amp; renaissance works...from the estate of the late John H. McFadden, Jr. ... and other owners, public auction sale, Wednesday, January 11...</EM>, (New York: Parke-Bernet Galleries, 1956).","citation":"<EM>Italian, Spanish and other primitive &amp; renaissance works...from the estate of the late John H. McFadden, Jr. ... and other owners, public auction sale, Wednesday, January 11...</EM>, (New York: Parke-Bernet Galleries, 1956)., no. 7","date":1956,"id":4472,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/12129240"},{"boilertext":"<P>\"News reports\", <EM>College art journal</EM> 15, no. 4 (Summer, 1956): p. 361-369.</P>","citation":"<P>\"News reports\", <EM>College art journal</EM> 15, no. 4 (Summer, 1956): p. 361-369.</P>, p. 366 (illus.)","date":1956,"id":4473,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/772779"},{"boilertext":"W.M. Mensing, <EM>Collection Louis Fournier de Paris: tableaux anciens de diverses ecoles. La vente aura lieu le mardi 24 juin, 1924 ... a la requête du mandataire de la famille</EM>, (Amsterdam: Ellerman, 1924).","citation":"W.M. Mensing, <EM>Collection Louis Fournier de Paris: tableaux anciens de diverses ecoles. La vente aura lieu le mardi 24 juin, 1924 ... a la requête du mandataire de la famille</EM>, (Amsterdam: Ellerman, 1924)., no. 10 (illus.)","date":1924,"id":4474,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/6969041"},{"boilertext":"Federico Zeri, \"An addition to Antonio da Crevalcore\", <EM>Burlington magazine</EM> 108, no. 761 (Aug., 1966).","citation":"Federico Zeri, \"An addition to Antonio da Crevalcore\", <EM>Burlington magazine</EM> 108, no. 761 (Aug., 1966)., p. 422ff","date":1966,"id":4475,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/888542033"},{"boilertext":"<P><EM>Primitives and old masters, Spanish, Italian, French, German, Dutch and Flemish schools...: the collection of Alberto J. Pani...unrestricted public auction, Thursday, December 17th...</EM>, (New York: Kende Galleries, 1942). </P>","citation":"<P><EM>Primitives and old masters, Spanish, Italian, French, German, Dutch and Flemish schools...: the collection of Alberto J. Pani...unrestricted public auction, Thursday, December 17th...</EM>, (New York: Kende Galleries, 1942). </P>, no. 11","date":1942,"id":4476,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/171712281"},{"boilertext":"Alberto J. Pani,<EM> La segunda colección Pani de pinturas: catálogo descriptivo y comentado</EM>, (Mexico: Editorial Cvltvra, 1940).","citation":"Alberto J. Pani,<EM> La segunda colección Pani de pinturas: catálogo descriptivo y comentado</EM>, (Mexico: Editorial Cvltvra, 1940)., p. 100f, no. 46","date":1940,"id":4477,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/4041644"},{"boilertext":"Rodolfo Pallucchini, <EM>I Vivarini: Antonio, Bartolomeo, Alvise</EM>, (Venezia: N. Pozza, 1962).","citation":"Rodolfo Pallucchini, <EM>I Vivarini: Antonio, Bartolomeo, Alvise</EM>, (Venezia: N. Pozza, 1962)., p. 87","date":1962,"id":4478,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/9054193"},{"boilertext":"E. James Mundy, \"Franciscus alter Christus: the intercessory function of a late quattrocento panel\", <EM>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</EM> 36, no. 2 (1977): p. 4-15.","citation":"E. James Mundy, \"Franciscus alter Christus: the intercessory function of a late quattrocento panel\", <EM>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</EM> 36, no. 2 (1977): p. 4-15., fig. 1, p. 5 (illus.); fig. 7, p. 9 (illus.); fig. 8, p. 10 (illus.); fig. 10, p. 12 (illlus.)\r\n","date":1977,"id":4479,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774524"},{"boilertext":"John V. Fleming, <EM>From Bonaventure to Bellini: an essay in Franciscan exegesis</EM>, (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982).","citation":"John V. Fleming, <EM>From Bonaventure to Bellini: an essay in Franciscan exegesis</EM>, (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982)., p. 136-39; p. 140, note 23","date":1982,"id":4480,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/8533403"},{"boilertext":"John Steer, <EM>Alvise Vivarini, his art and influence</EM>, (Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980).","citation":"John Steer, <EM>Alvise Vivarini, his art and influence</EM>, (Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980)., p. 190, no. 74","date":1982,"id":4481,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/6734545"},{"boilertext":"Vittorio Sgarbi, \"A painter restored: Antonio da Crevalcore\",<EM> FMR </EM>no. 12 (Jun., 1985).","citation":"Vittorio Sgarbi, \"A painter restored: Antonio da Crevalcore\",<EM> FMR </EM>no. 12 (Jun., 1985)., p. 115-17; p. 116 (color illus.)","date":1985,"id":4482,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/8956598"},{"boilertext":"E. James Mundy, \"Porphyry and the \"Posthumous\" fifteenth century portrait\", <EM>Pantheon</EM> 46 (1988): p. 37-43.","citation":"E. James Mundy, \"Porphyry and the \"Posthumous\" fifteenth century portrait\", <EM>Pantheon</EM> 46 (1988): p. 37-43., p. 37-43; fig. 10, 11","date":1988,"id":4483,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/887076292"},{"boilertext":"Norman E. Land, \"Two panels by Michele Giambono and some observations on St. Francis and the Man of Sorrows in fifteenth-century Venetian painting\", <EM>Studies in iconography</EM> 6 (1980).","citation":"Norman E. Land, \"Two panels by Michele Giambono and some observations on St. Francis and the Man of Sorrows in fifteenth-century Venetian painting\", <EM>Studies in iconography</EM> 6 (1980)., p. 29-41; p. 46, fig. 5","date":1980,"id":4484,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/886814528"},{"boilertext":"Angelica Dulberg, <EM>Privatporträts: Geschichte und Ikonologie einer Gattung im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert</EM>, (Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1990).","citation":"Angelica Dulberg, <EM>Privatporträts: Geschichte und Ikonologie einer Gattung im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert</EM>, (Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1990)., pl. 59; p. 117","date":1990,"id":4485,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/21358753"},{"boilertext":"Vittorio Sgarbi, <EM>Antonio da Crevalcore e la pittura ferrarese del Quattrocento a Bologna</EM>, (Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori, 1985).","citation":"Vittorio Sgarbi, <EM>Antonio da Crevalcore e la pittura ferrarese del Quattrocento a Bologna</EM>, (Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori, 1985)., p. 93 (illus.); p. 105, no. 10","date":1985,"id":4486,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/13754338"},{"boilertext":"Mauro Lucco, \"La cultura figurativa Padana al tempo del Codice Hammer\", in Carlo Pedretti, <EM>Leonardo, il Codice Hammer e la Mappa di Imola: arte e scienza a Bologna, in Emilia e Romagna nel primo Cinqucento</EM>, (Firenze: Giunti Barbèra, 1985).","citation":"Mauro Lucco, \"La cultura figurativa Padana al tempo del Codice Hammer\", in Carlo Pedretti, <EM>Leonardo, il Codice Hammer e la Mappa di Imola: arte e scienza a Bologna, in Emilia e Romagna nel primo Cinqucento</EM>, (Firenze: Giunti Barbèra, 1985)., p. 144, fig. 4","date":1985,"id":4487,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/22183966"},{"boilertext":"Mauro Lucco, \"La giovinezza del Pordenone (nouve riflessioni su cecchi studi\",<EM> Giornata di studio per il Pordenone: Piacenza, S. Maria di Campagna 26 settembre 1981 / a cura di Paola Ceschi Lavagetto, </EM>(Piacenza: [publisher not identified], 1981).","citation":"Mauro Lucco, \"La giovinezza del Pordenone (nouve riflessioni su cecchi studi\",<EM> Giornata di studio per il Pordenone: Piacenza, S. Maria di Campagna 26 settembre 1981 / a cura di Paola Ceschi Lavagetto, </EM>(Piacenza: [publisher not identified], 1981)., p. 27, fig. 2","date":1981,"id":4488,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/13982977"},{"boilertext":"Klaus Kruger, <em>Der frühe Bildkult des Franziskus in Italien: Gestalt- und Funktionswandel des Tafelbildes im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert</em>, (Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1992).","citation":"Klaus Kruger, <em>Der frühe Bildkult des Franziskus in Italien: Gestalt- und Funktionswandel des Tafelbildes im 13. und 14. Jahrhundert</em>, (Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1992)., p. 189","date":1992,"id":4489,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/27443420"}],"nowebuse":"False","periods":[],"department":"European Painting and Sculpture ","attribute_groups":[{"id":2199321,"term":"European Art","termtype":"Collecting Area"},{"id":2199338,"term":"Nazi-era gaps","termtype":"Provenance & Cultural Heritage"}],"daterange":"A.D. 1000-1500","dateend":1499,"depicted":[],"titles":[{"title":"Saint Francis","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"hasimage":"true","creditlinerepro":null,"objectnumber":"y1956-3","inscribed":null,"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Provenance","textentryhtml":"Louis Fournier, Paris (until 1924 sale, Mending, Amsterdam, June 24, 1924, lot 10);\n<br />\nFrederik Muller, Amsterdam (in 1928; sold to Pani);\n<br />\nAlberto J. Pani, Mexico (1928-1942; sale, Kende, New York, December 17, 1942, lot 11);\n<br />\nBaron Cassel van Doorn, New York (until 1955; sale, Parke Bernet, New York, December 9 - 10, lot 44, to McFadden);\n<br />\nJohn H. McFadden (1955-1956; sale, Parke Bernet, New York, January 11, 1956, lot 7, to Princeton University Art Museum)","remarks":null},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"This panel depicts Saint Francis standing in a porphyry tomb, displaying the stigmata he received when, on the Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross in 1224, he experienced the vision of a six-winged seraph on a cross. These holy wounds, which correspond to those inflicted on Christ during the Crucifixion, underscore the connection between Saint Francis’s exemplary life of service and his status as <EM>alter Christus</EM>, or “another Christ.” The reverse of this panel features a fictive porphyry plaque, suggesting that the work was originally visible from all sides. The porphyry tomb and plaque have imperial connotations, alluding to Christ’s kingly nature.","remarks":"K1-3 May 2012"}],"datebegin":1490,"sortnumber":"1956    3y","published_date":"2026-02-11 10:08:49.758612","objectid":27943,"dimensions":"74.5 × 56 cm (29 5/16 × 22 1/16 in.)\r\nframe: 90.5 × 71.8 × 3.5 cm (35 5/8 × 28 1/4 × 1 3/8 in.)","on_view":false}