\"F. Vinton Lawrence, Jr. '26 Gallery of Pre-Columbian and Native Arts given by his brother, James F. Lawrence, Class of 1929,\" Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 25, no. 1/2 (1966): 49.
","citation":"\"F. Vinton Lawrence, Jr. '26 Gallery of Pre-Columbian and Native Arts given by his brother, James F. Lawrence, Class of 1929,\" Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 25, no. 1/2 (1966): 49.
, p. 49 (illus.)","date":1966,"id":7777,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/23211687"},{"boilertext":"Mary E. Miller, \"Rethinking Jaina: Goddesses, Skirts, and the Jolly Roger,\" Record of the Princeton University Art Museum 64 (2005): 63–70.","citation":"Mary E. Miller, \"Rethinking Jaina: Goddesses, Skirts, and the Jolly Roger,\" Record of the Princeton University Art Museum 64 (2005): 63–70., p. 65, fig. 1","date":2005,"id":3004,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774835"},{"boilertext":"Mary E. Miller and Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya (San Francisco: Fine Arts Museum of San Fransisco, 2004).","citation":"Mary E. Miller and Simon Martin, Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya (San Francisco: Fine Arts Museum of San Fransisco, 2004)., pl. 60, 117 (illus.)","date":2004,"id":2924,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/54799516"},{"boilertext":"\"3000 Years of Pre-Columbian Art\", Bulletin (Kalamazoo Institute of Arts) no. 14 (Dec., 1964).","citation":"\"3000 Years of Pre-Columbian Art\", Bulletin (Kalamazoo Institute of Arts) no. 14 (Dec., 1964)., cat. no. 82 (illus.)","date":1964,"id":2950,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/82393616"},{"boilertext":"Gérald Berjonneau, Emile Deletaille, and Jean-Louis Sonnery, Art précolombien Mexique, Guatemala (Paris: Editions Arts 135, 1985).
","citation":"Gérald Berjonneau, Emile Deletaille, and Jean-Louis Sonnery, Art précolombien Mexique, Guatemala (Paris: Editions Arts 135, 1985).
","date":1985,"id":2969,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/16313916"},{"boilertext":"Allen Rosenbaum and Francis F. Jones, Selections from The Art Museum, Princeton University, (Princeton, NJ: The Art Museum, Princeton University, 1986)","citation":"Allen Rosenbaum and Francis F. Jones, Selections from The Art Museum, Princeton University, (Princeton, NJ: The Art Museum, Princeton University, 1986), p. 252 (illus.)","date":1986,"id":1899,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/14244748"},{"boilertext":"Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007)","citation":"Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), p. 123 (illus.)","date":2007,"id":474,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/191864564"},{"boilertext":"Barbara Tedlok, The Woman in the Shaman's Body: reclaiming the feminine in religion and medicine (New York: Bantam Books, 2005).","citation":"Barbara Tedlok, The Woman in the Shaman's Body: reclaiming the feminine in religion and medicine (New York: Bantam Books, 2005)., ","date":2005,"id":221,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/56413466"},{"boilertext":"Richard Schlagman and Phaidon Press, The Art Museum (London; New York: Phaidon Press Inc., 2011).","citation":"Richard Schlagman and Phaidon Press, The Art Museum (London; New York: Phaidon Press Inc., 2011)., fig. 2, p. 238 (illus.)","date":2011,"id":741,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/714731902"},{"boilertext":"\"Acquisitions 1965 and 1966,\" Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 26, no. 1 (1967): p. 2, 19-32.","citation":"\"Acquisitions 1965 and 1966,\" Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 26, no. 1 (1967): p. 2, 19-32., p. 25","date":1967,"id":880,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774554"}],"nowebuse":"False","periods":[{"id":24016,"period":"Late Classic Period","alphasort":"Classic Period, Late","begindate":0,"enddate":0,"displayperiod":"Late Classic Period","displaydate":null}],"department":"Art of the Ancient Americas","attribute_groups":[{"id":2199317,"term":"Art of the Ancient Americas","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"daterange":"A.D. 500-1000","dateend":900,"depicted":[],"titles":[{"title":"Chak Chel (Great Rainbow)","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"hasimage":"true","creditlinerepro":"","objectnumber":"y1965-197 a-b","inscribed":null,"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Provenance","textentryhtml":"Hernan and Socorro B. Navarrete Collection, Veracruz, Mexico, ca. 1950. David Bramhall, by 1964; purchased by the Princeton University Art Museum through J. Lionberger Davis (1878 - 1973), Class of 1900, Princeton, NJ by May 1964.","remarks":null},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"Ceramic figurines associated with the islands of Jaina and Uaymil, off the west coast of Campeche, Mexico, provide an exceptionally rich record of noble Maya costume and adornment, including variations related to gender and courtly position. Looters disinterred hundreds of such figurines, all presumably associated with burials. The works vary dramatically in terms of detail and mode of manufacture, with some meticulously shaped by hand, others pressed from clay molds, and yet others fabricated through a combination of molded and modeled components. Many of the figurines produce sound, as rattles filled with clay pellets or as whistles, some producing multiple tones. The sound likely served to enliven and spiritually animate the subjects of these works. Although archaeological data is limited, individuals\n\nwere buried with one or a few figurines, but they do not generally accord with the status or gender of the interred.\n
Like many Mesoamerican supernaturals, the elderly goddess Chak Chel had multiple aspects, including a ferocious one. Even her name, which\n\nmeans “great rainbow,” refers to a menacing omen in Maya thought. As depicted here, the goddess wears the standard garb and twisted hair\n\ncords of a midwife. Her appearance suggests a nurturing aspect, yet her face is either masked or painted blue with oversize features and a two-toothed grimace. Moreover, the shield and jaguar ears on her head are associated with warriors. In her right hand she wields a removable club-like element, which may represent both a weapon and a weaving baton, as weaving was another activity associated with Chak Chel. The combination of midwifery and warrior adornments relates to various Mesoamerican cultures, which likened childbirth to combat because both could prove deadly.\n
","remarks":null}],"datebegin":600,"sortnumber":"1965 197ya b","published_date":"2026-02-11 10:15:38.642183","objectid":29456,"dimensions":"26 × 13 × 13.6 cm (10 1/4 × 5 1/8 × 5 3/8 in.)","on_view":true}