{"secondaryobjectnumber":null,"periodterms":[],"creditline":"Gift of Dr. Alvin E. Friedman-Kien","caption":"Gandharan, Scene of the Death of Buddha (Mahaparinirvana), late 2nd–early 3rd century CE. Schist; 25.6 x 25 x 6 cm. Gift of Dr. Alvin E. Friedman-Kien (y1993-152)","cultureterms":[{"id":2034401,"culture":"Gandharan"}],"type":"artobject","dimensionsproposed":"","terms":[{"id":2096941,"term":"Buddhism","aatid":300073738,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2048603,"term":"fragments","aatid":300117130,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2055657,"term":"figures (representations)","aatid":300189808,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2055330,"term":"reliefs","aatid":300047230,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2103928,"term":"trees","aatid":null,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2034401,"term":"Gandharan","aatid":300018889,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2088270,"term":"men","aatid":300025928,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2095964,"term":"religious art","aatid":300248179,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2163792,"term":"schist","aatid":300011626,"termtype":"Materials"}],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place made: Asia, India","code":"Place made","continent":"Asia","subcontinent":null,"country":"India","region":null,"state":null,"city":null,"county":null,"subregion":null,"locale":null,"locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":null,"location":{"lat":"","lon":""}},{"displaygeography":"Place made: Asia, Pakistan, Gandharan (historically)","code":"Place made","continent":"Asia","subcontinent":null,"country":"Pakistan","region":null,"state":null,"city":"Gandharan (historically)","county":null,"subregion":null,"locale":null,"locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":"https://www.geonames.org/9199771/gandhara.html","location":{"lat":"","lon":""}}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"25.60"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"25.00"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Depth","units":"centimeters","dimension":"6.00"}],"markings":null,"accessionyear":"1993-01-01","newaccession":0,"makers":[],"datecomputed":200,"signed":null,"restrictions":null,"classification":"Sculpture","packages":[{"packageid":181967,"name":"web_2020_Asian"},{"packageid":278831,"name":"10282025-DAY1-ONVIEW"},{"packageid":207234,"name":"SAB_Gala2021"},{"packageid":214208,"name":"Gallery_13-15(Pavilion4)-Asian"}],"catalograisonne":null,"classifications":[{"id":2048603,"classification":"fragments"},{"id":2055330,"classification":"reliefs"}],"exhibitions":[],"cultures":[{"id":15940,"culture":"Gandharan","alphasort":"Gandharan","begindate":0,"enddate":0,"displayculture":"Gandharan","displaydate":null}],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMSTU2021_64333"],"displaytitle":"Scene of the Death of Buddha (Mahaparinirvana)","displayculture":"Gandharan","displaymaker":null,"captionhtml":"Gandharan, <i>Scene of the Death of Buddha (Mahaparinirvana)</i>, late 2nd–early 3rd century CE. Schist; 25.6 x 25 x 6 cm. Gift of Dr. Alvin E. Friedman-Kien (y1993-152)","displaydate":"late 2nd–early 3rd century CE","medium":"Schist","media":[{"id":231938,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMSTU2021_64333","isprimary":1,"rank":1,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"},{"id":231974,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMSTU2021_64337","isprimary":0,"rank":2,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"}],"displayperiod":null,"extended_content":false,"campuscollections":"false","bibliography":[{"boilertext":"\"Acquisitions of the Art Museum 1993\", <em>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</em> 53, no.&nbsp;1 (1994): p. 46-95.","citation":"\"Acquisitions of the Art Museum 1993\", <em>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</em> 53, no.&nbsp;1 (1994): p. 46-95., p. 83 (illus.)","date":1994,"id":3065,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774684"}],"nowebuse":"False","periods":[],"department":"Asian Art","attribute_groups":[{"id":2199316,"term":"Ancient Mediterranean Art","termtype":"Collecting Area"},{"id":2199319,"term":"Asian Art","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"daterange":"A.D. 1-500","dateend":229,"depicted":[],"titles":[{"title":"Scene of the Death of Buddha (Mahaparinirvana)","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"hasimage":"true","creditlinerepro":"","objectnumber":"y1993-152","inscribed":null,"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"In the late fourth century BCE, Alexander the Great  conquered an area of northwestern Pakistan known  historically as Gandhara. His hold on the area was short  lived, but the Hellenistic visual culture he introduced to the region continued to influence Gandharan art throughout the reigns of the Indo-Greek kings who ruled  the area in the second and first centuries BCE. With the  rise of Buddhism in the first centuries of the Common  Era, Gandharan elites, whose riches were tied to the important trade routes that crossed through their territory,  became avid sponsors of Buddhist temples and sacred  sites adorned with sculptures and relief carvings. The region’s Greco-Roman sculptural traditions, which were  also influenced by the art of ancient Iran and India,  led to a new form of Buddhist art. The Hellenistic trans- formation of Buddhist art is represented in these three  sculptures by the flowing drapery of the figures’  robes, the positioning of the bodies, and the scrolling leaf ornament.\n","remarks":"ASIA2_15_WLA Day 1 Cataloguing- group chat for y 1932-21, y1942-73, and y1993-152"},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Provenance","textentryhtml":"&nbsp;–1993&nbsp;Dr. Alvin Friedman-Kien (New York, NY), by gift to the Princeton University Art Museum, 1993.","remarks":null}],"datebegin":170,"sortnumber":"1993  152y","published_date":"2026-04-04 02:00:21.248152","objectid":33784,"dimensions":"h. 25.6 cm., w. 25.0 cm., d. 6.0 cm. (10 1/16 x 9 13/16 x 2 3/8 in.)","on_view":true}