\"Gallery of Mediaval and Renaissance Art: given by the Class of 1929,\" Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 25, no. 1/2 (1966): 20–27.
","citation":"\"Gallery of Mediaval and Renaissance Art: given by the Class of 1929,\" Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 25, no. 1/2 (1966): 20–27.
, p. 27 (illus.)","date":1966,"id":7770,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/23211678"},{"boilertext":"Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007)","citation":"Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), p. 180 (illus.)","date":2007,"id":474,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/191864564"},{"boilertext":"Jacques Combe, Jerome Bosch, (Paris: P. Tisne, 1946).","citation":"Jacques Combe, Jerome Bosch, (Paris: P. Tisne, 1946)., p. 67, no. 140","date":1946,"id":4095,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/1307607"},{"boilertext":"Frank Jewett Mather Jr., \"Painting\", Art and archaeology 20, no. 3 (1925): p. 145-151.","citation":"Frank Jewett Mather Jr., \"Painting\", Art and archaeology 20, no. 3 (1925): p. 145-151., p. 149; p. 144 (illus.)","date":1925,"id":3925,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/1514254"},{"boilertext":"Harry G. Sperling, Catalogue of a loan exhibition of Flemish primitives in aid of the Free Milk Fund for Babies, inc., (New York: F. Kleinberger Galleries, 1929).","citation":"Harry G. Sperling, Catalogue of a loan exhibition of Flemish primitives in aid of the Free Milk Fund for Babies, inc., (New York: F. Kleinberger Galleries, 1929)., no. 34 (illus.)","date":1929,"id":4092,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/15379595"},{"boilertext":"Allan Marquand, \"A painting by Hieronymous Bosch in the Princeton Art Museum\", Princeton University bulletin 14 (1903).","citation":"Allan Marquand, \"A painting by Hieronymous Bosch in the Princeton Art Museum\", Princeton University bulletin 14 (1903)., p. 41","date":1903,"id":4093,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/81353445"},{"boilertext":"Gustav Glück, Aus drei jahrhunderten europäischer Malerei; mit 141 Abbildungen, (Wien: A. Schroll, 1933).","citation":"Gustav Glück, Aus drei jahrhunderten europäischer Malerei; mit 141 Abbildungen, (Wien: A. Schroll, 1933)., p. 16","date":1933,"id":4094,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/1212912"},{"boilertext":"L. Maeterlinck, \"A propos d'une oeuvre de Bosch au Musee de Gand\", Revue de l'art ancien et moderne 20, no. 115 (Oct., 1906).","citation":"L. Maeterlinck, \"A propos d'une oeuvre de Bosch au Musee de Gand\", Revue de l'art ancien et moderne 20, no. 115 (Oct., 1906)., p. 302; fig. 2","date":1906,"id":4096,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/41641846"},{"boilertext":"L. Maeterlinck, Le genre satirique dans la peinture flamande, (Bruxelles: G. van Oest & cie, 1907).","citation":"L. Maeterlinck, Le genre satirique dans la peinture flamande, (Bruxelles: G. van Oest & cie, 1907)., p. 231-232; pl. 25","date":1907,"id":4097,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/1296304"},{"boilertext":"Paul Lafond, Hieronymus Bosch: son art, son influence, ses disciples, (Bruxelles; Paris: G. van Oest & cie, 1914).","citation":"Paul Lafond, Hieronymus Bosch: son art, son influence, ses disciples, (Bruxelles; Paris: G. van Oest & cie, 1914)., p. 41-42; p. 16 (illus.)","date":1914,"id":4098,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/3570196"},{"boilertext":"L. von Baldass, \"Die Chronologie der Gemälde des Hieronymus Bosch: Mit einer Tafel in Lichtdruck und acht Textabbildungen\", Jahrbuch der Königlich Preuszischen Kunstsammlungen 38 (1917): p. 177-195.","citation":"L. von Baldass, \"Die Chronologie der Gemälde des Hieronymus Bosch: Mit einer Tafel in Lichtdruck und acht Textabbildungen\", Jahrbuch der Königlich Preuszischen Kunstsammlungen 38 (1917): p. 177-195., p. 194","date":1917,"id":4099,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/428851041"},{"boilertext":"Max J. Friedländer, Die altniederländische Malerei, (Berlin: P. Cassirer, 1924-1937).","citation":"Max J. Friedländer, Die altniederländische Malerei, (Berlin: P. Cassirer, 1924-1937)., Vol. 5: no. 176; p. 145","date":1924,"id":4102,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/3614681"},{"boilertext":"Charles de Tolnay, Hieronymus Bosch, (Bâle: Les Éditions Holbein, 1937).","citation":"Charles de Tolnay, Hieronymus Bosch, (Bâle: Les Éditions Holbein, 1937)., no. 35; p. 45, pl. 96.","date":1937,"id":4103,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/6956293"},{"boilertext":"Ludwig Baldass, Hieronymus Bosch, (Wien: A. Schroll & Co. [1943]).","citation":"Ludwig Baldass, Hieronymus Bosch, (Wien: A. Schroll & Co. [1943])., p. 43, 73","date":1943,"id":4104,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/537443"},{"boilertext":"Howard Daniel, Jheronimus Bosch, (New York: Hyperion Press, [1947]).","citation":"Howard Daniel, Jheronimus Bosch, (New York: Hyperion Press, [1947])., p. 30 (illus.)","date":1947,"id":4105,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/423530"},{"boilertext":"J.V.L. Brans, Hieronymus Bosch (El Bosco) en el Prado y en el Escorial, (Barcelona: Ediciones Omega, [1948]).","citation":"J.V.L. Brans, Hieronymus Bosch (El Bosco) en el Prado y en el Escorial, (Barcelona: Ediciones Omega, [1948])., p. 41","date":1948,"id":4106,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/5030080"},{"boilertext":"Jean Leymarie, Jérôme Bosch, (Paris: A. Somogy, [1949]).","citation":"Jean Leymarie, Jérôme Bosch, (Paris: A. Somogy, [1949])., fig. 94, 95","date":1949,"id":4107,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/4631713"},{"boilertext":"David M. Robb, The Harper history of painting: the occidental tradition, (New York: Harper, 1951).","citation":"David M. Robb, The Harper history of painting: the occidental tradition, (New York: Harper, 1951)., p. 191-92; fig. 109","date":1951,"id":4108,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/517655"},{"boilertext":"Ernest Lotthé, La pensée chrétienne dans la peinture flamande et hollandaise de Van Eyck à Rembrandt (1432-1669), (Lille: S.I.L.I.C., Impr. de l’évêché, 1947).
","citation":"Ernest Lotthé, La pensée chrétienne dans la peinture flamande et hollandaise de Van Eyck à Rembrandt (1432-1669), (Lille: S.I.L.I.C., Impr. de l’évêché, 1947).
, p. 206; fig. 154","date":1947,"id":4109,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/2677488"},{"boilertext":"John Ives Sewall, A history of Western art, (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1953).","citation":"John Ives Sewall, A history of Western art, (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1953)., p. 73-74, fig. 16.44","date":1961,"id":4110,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/1000033"},{"boilertext":"Gaston van Camp, \"Autonomie de Jérôme Bosch et récentes interprétations de ses oeuvres\", Bulletin (Musées royaux des beaux-arts de Belgique) 3, no. 4 (1954).","citation":"Gaston van Camp, \"Autonomie de Jérôme Bosch et récentes interprétations de ses oeuvres\", Bulletin (Musées royaux des beaux-arts de Belgique) 3, no. 4 (1954)., p. 133","date":1954,"id":4111,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/888644777"},{"boilertext":"Dino Buzzati, L’opera completa di Bosch, (Milano: Rizzoli, 1966).
","citation":"Dino Buzzati, L’opera completa di Bosch, (Milano: Rizzoli, 1966).
, no. 69","date":1966,"id":4112,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/4414674"},{"boilertext":"Rosemarie Schuder, Hieronymus Bosch, (Berlin: Union-Verlag, 1975).","citation":"Rosemarie Schuder, Hieronymus Bosch, (Berlin: Union-Verlag, 1975)., p. 60-61, fig. 62","date":1975,"id":4113,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/2467624"},{"boilertext":"Charles de Tolnay, Hieronymus Bosch, (New York: Reynal, 1966).","citation":"Charles de Tolnay, Hieronymus Bosch, (New York: Reynal, 1966)., p. 376; cat. no. 35; p. 309 (illus.)","date":1966,"id":4114,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/552606"},{"boilertext":"Gerd Unverfehrt, Hieronymus Bosch: die Rezeption seiner Kunst im frühen 16. Jahrhundert, (Berlin: Mann, 1980).","citation":"Gerd Unverfehrt, Hieronymus Bosch: die Rezeption seiner Kunst im frühen 16. Jahrhundert, (Berlin: Mann, 1980)., cat. no. 32; fig. 74, 27, 129-133, 146, 254","date":1980,"id":4115,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/781223467"},{"boilertext":"Karl Arndt, \"Zur Ausstellung \"Jheronimus Bosch\" 's-Hertogenbosch 1967\", Kunstchronik 21, no. 1 (1968): p. 1-21.","citation":"Karl Arndt, \"Zur Ausstellung \"Jheronimus Bosch\" 's-Hertogenbosch 1967\", Kunstchronik 21, no. 1 (1968): p. 1-21., p. 18-19","date":1968,"id":4116,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/888130914"},{"boilertext":"Gerd Unverfehrt, \"Zu einigen Halbfigurenbildern Hieronymus Boschs und seines Kreises\", Jaarboek van het Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen (1975): p. 101-151.","citation":"Gerd Unverfehrt, \"Zu einigen Halbfigurenbildern Hieronymus Boschs und seines Kreises\", Jaarboek van het Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen (1975): p. 101-151., fig. 9; p. 121-129","date":1975,"id":4117,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/888400081"},{"boilertext":"Sixten Ringbom, Icon to narrative: the rise of the dramatic close-up in fifteenth-century devotional painting, (Doornspijk, The Netherlands: Davaco, 1984).","citation":"Sixten Ringbom, Icon to narrative: the rise of the dramatic close-up in fifteenth-century devotional painting, (Doornspijk, The Netherlands: Davaco, 1984)., fig. 135; no. 163; p. 165-169","date":1984,"id":4118,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/11136550"},{"boilertext":"Jacques Chailley, Jérôme Bosch et ses symboles: essai de décryptage, (Bruxelles: Palais des Académies, 1978).","citation":"Jacques Chailley, Jérôme Bosch et ses symboles: essai de décryptage, (Bruxelles: Palais des Académies, 1978)., no. 69","date":1978,"id":4119,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/5266471"},{"boilertext":"Brigitte Völker, Die Entwicklung des erzählenden Halbfigurenbildes in der niederländischen Malerei des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts, (Göttingen: 1968).","citation":"Brigitte Völker, Die Entwicklung des erzählenden Halbfigurenbildes in der niederländischen Malerei des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts, (Göttingen: 1968)., p. 91-92","date":1968,"id":4120,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/3352373"},{"boilertext":"Walter Schürmeyer, Hieronymus Bosch: mit einer auswahl seiner werke in siebenundfünfzig lichtdrucktafeln, (München: R. Piper & co., 1923).","citation":"Walter Schürmeyer, Hieronymus Bosch: mit einer auswahl seiner werke in siebenundfünfzig lichtdrucktafeln, (München: R. Piper & co., 1923)., p. 45","date":1923,"id":4121,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/2417237"},{"boilertext":"Grete Ring, \"[Rezension von:] Schürmeyer, Walter: Hieronymus Bosch\", Jahrbuch für Kunstwissenschaft 1 (1923): p. 310-311.","citation":"Grete Ring, \"[Rezension von:] Schürmeyer, Walter: Hieronymus Bosch\", Jahrbuch für Kunstwissenschaft 1 (1923): p. 310-311., p. 310","date":1923,"id":4122,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/888489649"},{"boilertext":"Terada Tōru and Senzoku Nobuyuki, Bossu = Bosch, (Tokyo: Chūō Kōronsha, 1982).","citation":"Terada Tōru and Senzoku Nobuyuki, Bossu = Bosch, (Tokyo: Chūō Kōronsha, 1982)., no. 94 (illus.)","date":1982,"id":4123,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/122846822"},{"boilertext":"Jan Bialostocki, \"'Opus quinque dierum': Dürer's 'Christ among the doctors' and its sources\", Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 22 (1959): p. 17-34.","citation":"Jan Bialostocki, \"'Opus quinque dierum': Dürer's 'Christ among the doctors' and its sources\", Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 22 (1959): p. 17-34., p. 21; pl. 3e","date":1959,"id":4124,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/888547181"},{"boilertext":"Walter S. Gibson, \"\"Imitatio Christi\": \"Imitatio Christi\": the passion scenes of Hieronymus Bosch\", Simiolus 6, no. 2 (1972-1973): p. 83-93.","citation":"Walter S. Gibson, \"\"Imitatio Christi\": \"Imitatio Christi\": the passion scenes of Hieronymus Bosch\", Simiolus 6, no. 2 (1972-1973): p. 83-93., p. 86-87","date":1972,"id":4126,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3780436"},{"boilertext":"Gustav Glück, Der Weg zum Bild, Erlebtes, Erlauschtes, Erfundenes, (Vienna: A. Schroll, [1948]).","citation":"Gustav Glück, Der Weg zum Bild, Erlebtes, Erlauschtes, Erfundenes, (Vienna: A. Schroll, [1948])., pl. 14","date":1948,"id":4127,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/2013890"},{"boilertext":"Kim H. Veltman and Kenneth D. Keele, Studies on Leonardo da Vinci, (München: Deutscher Kunstverlag, [1986]-).","citation":"Kim H. Veltman and Kenneth D. Keele, Studies on Leonardo da Vinci, (München: Deutscher Kunstverlag, [1986]-)., vol. 1: pl. 67.2","date":1986,"id":4128,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/15094737"},{"boilertext":"Robert L. Delevoy, Bosch, (New York: Rizzoli, 1990).","citation":"Robert L. Delevoy, Bosch, (New York: Rizzoli, 1990)., p. 53","date":1990,"id":4129,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/22888919"},{"boilertext":"Nadia Margolis, \"Trial by passion: philology, film, and ideology in the portrayal of Joan of Arc\", The journal of medieval and early modern studies 27, no. 3 (Fall, 1997).","citation":"Nadia Margolis, \"Trial by passion: philology, film, and ideology in the portrayal of Joan of Arc\", The journal of medieval and early modern studies 27, no. 3 (Fall, 1997)., p. 451; fig. 4","date":1997,"id":4130,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/936763317"},{"boilertext":"Fritz Koreny, ed., Hieronymus Bosch: Die Zeichnungen, Werkstatt und Nachfolge bis zum Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts, (Turnhout: Brepols, 2012).
","citation":"Fritz Koreny, ed., Hieronymus Bosch: Die Zeichnungen, Werkstatt und Nachfolge bis zum Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts, (Turnhout: Brepols, 2012).
, fig. 43, p. 50 (illus.), 455","date":2012,"id":1396,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/779255214"},{"boilertext":"Jos Koldeweij, Paul Vandenbroeck and Bernard Vermet, Hieronymus Bosch: the complete paintings and drawings, (Rotterdam: Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen : NAi ; Ghent: Ludion, 2001).","citation":"Jos Koldeweij, Paul Vandenbroeck and Bernard Vermet, Hieronymus Bosch: the complete paintings and drawings, (Rotterdam: Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen : NAi ; Ghent: Ludion, 2001)., cat. no. 14.4","date":2001,"id":4134,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/48461179"},{"boilertext":"Erik Larsen, Hieronymus Bosch: the complete paintings by the visionary master, (New York: Smithmark, 1998).","citation":"Erik Larsen, Hieronymus Bosch: the complete paintings by the visionary master, (New York: Smithmark, 1998)., no. 34; p. 135","date":1998,"id":4135,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/802983561"},{"boilertext":"Larry Silver, Hieronymus Bosch, (New York: Abbeville Press, 2006).","citation":"Larry Silver, Hieronymus Bosch, (New York: Abbeville Press, 2006)., no. 262, p. 335 (illus.)","date":2006,"id":4136,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/68133064"},{"boilertext":"Ernest T. DeWald, Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 7, no. 2 (1948): p. 2-5.","citation":"Ernest T. DeWald, Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University 7, no. 2 (1948): p. 2-5., fig. 1, p. 2 (illus.); fig. 2, p. 3 (illus.)","date":1948,"id":4137,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774379"},{"boilertext":"H.R.H., \"The Art Museum at Princeton University: a selection from the collections\", Art Journal 26, no. 2 (Winter, 1966-1967): p. 172+174+176+178.","citation":"H.R.H., \"The Art Museum at Princeton University: a selection from the collections\", Art Journal 26, no. 2 (Winter, 1966-1967): p. 172+174+176+178., p. 174, fig. 9","date":1966,"id":3404,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/775045"},{"boilertext":"Timothy P. Jackson, The priority of love: Christian charity and social justice, (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003).","citation":"Timothy P. Jackson, The priority of love: Christian charity and social justice, (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003)., p. 167 (illus.)","date":2003,"id":80,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/49226208"},{"boilertext":null,"citation":null,"date":2017,"id":9874,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/45401199"},{"boilertext":"Louise Rice, \"Pomis sua nomina dervant: the emblematic thesis prints of the Roman seminary\", Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 70 (2007): p. 195-245.(Colnaghi, London); ca. 1891 purchase by Allan Marquand; ca. 1922-24 gift to Princeton University Art Museum [1].
[1] A pencil annotation by Frances Follin Jones notes that a 1925 entry in the Museum's Inventory Book names Eleanor Cross Marquand (1873-1950) as the donor; later, however, Eleanor Marquand Delanoy [daughter of Allan Marquand and Eleanor Cross Marquand] said it was a gift of Allan Marquand.
\n\n
","remarks":null},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"\n\tChrist appears calmly amid the howling mob that has brought him to trial before Pontius Pilate, the Roman official who ordered Christ’s Crucifixion. The anachronistic Gothic architectural elements in the upper corners suggest a staged scene that transcends real time. This drama is further emphasized by the distorted facial features of Christ’s persecutors crowding against the picture plane.\n
\n\n\tA gift from Princeton art historian Allan Marquand (1853–1924), Christ before Pontius Pilate was for many years the most famous European painting in the museum’s collection. In 1971, Marquand’s daughter Eleanor recalled that her father “originally hung in the dining room the Bosch painting of Christ before Pilate now in the University Art Museum, but my mother said she could not eat with anything so gruesome before her.”\n
","remarks":"EUR1_02-05_WLA-Day 1 Cataloguing "},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Handbook Entry","textentryhtml":"\r\nVariously attributed to Hieronymus Bosch (ca. 1450–1516) or a member of his circle, Christ before Pontius Pilate shows the vitality of Bosch’s art just before or during the Reformation period. The artist adapts devotional imagery with half-length figures of the type used by Rogier van der Weyden and others, and embellishes the pattern with larger figures and distorted facial features. In early efforts to create grotesque physiognomies, Leonardo da Vinci made drawings studying \"ideal ugliness,\" a counterpart to drawings of \"ideal beauty,\" and his informal experiments seem to have been known in the North. Here the gruesome figures have ornamented their bizarre countenances with nose rings, lip piercings, and other trappings of fearsomeness. Are the reflective surfaces above Christ’s hands (possibly part of the soldier’s armor) meant to mirror our own faces? Christ is a center of calm and beauty in the midst of the howling mob that has brought him before a disdainful Pilate. The image confronts us with the degradation of fallen humanity and Christ’s knowledge of his fate.\r\nOn loan to the Museum for many years before it was given, Christ before Pontius Pilate was for a long time the most famous European painting in the collection. Despite the change in its attribution, it still perfectly embodies the aim of a devotional image of the period, intended to provoke a powerful response in viewers even as we admire the artist’s virtuoso display of the strange spectrum of humanity. The Gothic architectural elements in the upper corners suggest the unreal, staged quality of the image, contained behind a proscenium arch. Expanding on the terse Gospel text, the artist confronts us with a theater of morality and leaves to us the choice that Pilate abdicated. ","remarks":null}],"datebegin":1515,"sortnumber":"711 y","published_date":"2026-02-11 10:41:24.360585","objectid":34742,"dimensions":"80 x 104 cm (31 1/2 x 40 15/16 in.)\r\nframe: 101 x 125.4 x 6.3 cm (39 3/4 x 49 3/8 x 2 1/2 in.)","on_view":true}