{"secondaryobjectnumber":null,"periodterms":[],"creditline":"Bequest of John B. Elliott, Class of 1951","caption":"Akan artist, Ghana, Western Africa, Gun bearer or bodyguard's cap (krɔbɔnkyɛ), 19th century. Duiker rawhide, wood, paint, and leather; 17.9 x 24.4 x 12.9 cm. Bequest of John B. Elliott, Class of 1951 (1998-695)","cultureterms":[{"id":2041478,"culture":"African"},{"id":2042070,"culture":"Akan"}],"type":"artobject","dimensionsproposed":"","terms":[{"id":2188460,"term":"prestige","aatid":null,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2048999,"term":"regalia","aatid":300185696,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2100263,"term":"rank","aatid":300250915,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2088665,"term":"military personnel","aatid":300025450,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2129212,"term":"ceremonial costume","aatid":300210387,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2072446,"term":"barrels (containers)","aatid":300194514,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2050143,"term":"swords","aatid":300037048,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2050510,"term":"firearms","aatid":300037148,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2131442,"term":"hats","aatid":300046106,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2041478,"term":"African","aatid":300015647,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2042070,"term":"Akan","aatid":300016000,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2185121,"term":"Akan Art","aatid":null,"termtype":"Collection Theme"},{"id":2051859,"term":"emblems (symbols)","aatid":300123036,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2168423,"term":"pigment","aatid":300013109,"termtype":"Materials"},{"id":2156347,"term":"carving","aatid":300053149,"termtype":"Techniques"},{"id":2151569,"term":"painting (coating)","aatid":300161986,"termtype":"Techniques"},{"id":2161775,"term":"metal","aatid":300010900,"termtype":"Materials"},{"id":2045670,"term":"rawhide","aatid":300193293,"termtype":"Materials"},{"id":2151468,"term":"sewing","aatid":300053658,"termtype":"Techniques"},{"id":2045543,"term":"leather","aatid":300011845,"termtype":"Materials"},{"id":2045920,"term":"wood","aatid":300011914,"termtype":"Materials"},{"id":2167740,"term":"paint","aatid":300015029,"termtype":"Materials"}],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place made: Africa, Ghana","code":"Place made","continent":"Africa","subcontinent":"Western Africa","country":"Ghana","region":null,"state":null,"city":null,"county":null,"subregion":null,"locale":null,"locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":"http://www.geonames.org/2300660/republic-of-ghana.html","location":{"lat":"","lon":""}}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"17.90"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"24.40"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Depth","units":"centimeters","dimension":"12.90"}],"markings":null,"accessionyear":"1998-01-01","newaccession":0,"makers":[{"id":15594,"displayname":"Akan","displaydate":null,"datebegin":1400,"dateend":0,"prefix":null,"suffix":"artist","role":"Artist","displaymaker":"Akan artist","displayorder":1}],"datecomputed":1850,"signed":null,"restrictions":null,"classification":"Textiles","packages":[{"packageid":24690,"name":"web_African_Among_Worlds"},{"packageid":197269,"name":"web_highlights -revised 2021"},{"packageid":13288,"name":"web_Akan_Art_all"},{"packageid":181965,"name":"web_2020_African"},{"packageid":207234,"name":"SAB_Gala2021"},{"packageid":142974,"name":"web_african_holding_culture"}],"catalograisonne":null,"classifications":[{"id":2131442,"classification":"hats"},{"id":2129212,"classification":"ceremonial costume"}],"exhibitions":[],"cultures":[],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMSTU2018_48167"],"displaytitle":"Gun bearer or bodyguard's cap (krɔbɔnkyɛ)","displayculture":null,"displaymaker":"Akan artist","captionhtml":"Akan artist, Ghana, Western Africa, <i>Gun bearer or bodyguard's cap (krɔbɔnkyɛ)</i>, 19th century. Duiker rawhide, wood, paint, and leather; 17.9 x 24.4 x 12.9 cm. Bequest of John B. Elliott, Class of 1951 (1998-695)","displaydate":"19th century","medium":"Duiker rawhide, wood, paint, and leather","media":[{"id":213172,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMSTU2018_48167","isprimary":1,"rank":1,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"},{"id":213173,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMSTU2018_48171","isprimary":0,"rank":3,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"},{"id":213174,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMSTU2018_48172","isprimary":0,"rank":4,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"},{"id":213175,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMSTU2018_48196","isprimary":0,"rank":2,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"}],"displayperiod":null,"extended_content":true,"campuscollections":"false","bibliography":[{"boilertext":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collections </i>(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2013)","citation":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collections </i>(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2013), p. 150 (illus.)","date":2013,"id":1994,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/865020505"},{"boilertext":"\"Selected checklist of objects in the collection of African art,\" <em>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</em> 58, no. 1/2 (1999): p. 77–83.","citation":"\"Selected checklist of objects in the collection of African art,\" <em>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</em> 58, no. 1/2 (1999): p. 77–83., p. 77","date":1999,"id":3043,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774794"},{"boilertext":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection</i> (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007)","citation":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection</i> (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), p. 150","date":2007,"id":474,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/191864564"},{"boilertext":"<p>\"The checklist of the John B. Elliott Bequest,\" <em>Record of the Princeton University Art Museum </em>61 (2002): p. 49-99.</p>","citation":"<p>\"The checklist of the John B. Elliott Bequest,\" <em>Record of the Princeton University Art Museum </em>61 (2002): p. 49-99.</p>, p. 59","date":2002,"id":3025,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774767"}],"nowebuse":"False","periods":[],"department":"African and Oceanic Art","attribute_groups":[{"id":2199315,"term":"African Art","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"daterange":"A.D. 1850-1900","dateend":1899,"depicted":[],"titles":[{"title":"Gun bearer or bodyguard's cap (krɔbɔnkyɛ)","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"hasimage":"true","creditlinerepro":"","objectnumber":"1998-695","inscribed":null,"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Provenance","textentryhtml":"John B. Elliott, New York, NY by 1986; Princeton University Art Museum, 1998","remarks":null},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Handbook Entry","textentryhtml":"\r\nThe blackened leather and decorative program of this extraordinary Akan hat indicate that it was worn by a person of high military rank. Like the hardened leather amulets covering Akan war shirts, the thick leather of this helmet serves as armor. Attached to its surface are miniature representa&shy;tions of functional and ceremonial weapons. The rifles along the perimeter are based on the &shy;double-<BR>barreled flintlock rifles used by the British army in Ghana and symbolize military power. &shy;Powder kegs surmounting the hat suggest the wearer’s readiness to enter battle. State ceremonial swords with their characteristic curved blades, openwork design, and barbell-shaped handles are centrally placed, emblematic of bravery and valor; military officers took oaths of allegiance on such swords. </P></SPAN>","remarks":null},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"Three miniature powder kegs adorn the ridge of this hat, which belonged to an Akan gun bearer or royal guard. Gun bearers (<em>atuotumfo</em>) joined the ranks of royal Akan attendants soon after the Danish introduced the musket to the region in the late seventeenth century, prompting the creation of their signature hide cap. The hat is decorated with a local curve-bladed <em>afena</em> sword surrounded by double-barreled rifles—used by the British army in Ghana in the late nineteenth century—to symbolically reinforce Akan might in the face of British colonialism. <br>","remarks":"African rotation August 2019, Holding Culture: Containers in African Art (August 2018 rotation) "}],"datebegin":1800,"sortnumber":"1998  695","published_date":"2026-02-11 10:51:28.829089","objectid":36849,"dimensions":"17.9 cm x 24.4 cm x 12.9 cm (7 1/16 x 9 5/8 x 5 1/16 in.)","on_view":false}