{"secondaryobjectnumber":null,"periodterms":[{"id":2035674,"period":"Postclassic"},{"id":2035681,"period":"Late Postclassic"}],"creditline":"Gift of Dr. Alvin E. Friedman-Kien","caption":"Mexica, Late Postclassic Period, 1325–1521, Central Mexico, Mexico, Mesoamerica, Macehual (commoner). Volcanic stone with inlaid shell eyes; 41 × 24 × 22.2 cm. Gift of Dr. Alvin E. Friedman-Kien (2001-299)","cultureterms":[{"id":2039087,"culture":"Late Postclassic"},{"id":2035732,"culture":"Aztec"}],"type":"artobject","dimensionsproposed":"","terms":[{"id":2094612,"term":"standard-bearers","aatid":300237663,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2039087,"term":"Late Postclassic","aatid":300134119,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2151023,"term":"sitting","aatid":null,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2088273,"term":"man","aatid":300025928,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2035674,"term":"Postclassic","aatid":300016987,"termtype":"Period / Style"},{"id":2035681,"term":"Late Postclassic","aatid":300134119,"termtype":"Period / Style"},{"id":2035732,"term":"Aztec","aatid":300017033,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2084828,"term":"temples","aatid":300007595,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2055657,"term":"figures (representations)","aatid":300189808,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2055438,"term":"figurines","aatid":300047455,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2048789,"term":"religious objects","aatid":300234098,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2151653,"term":"inlay (process)","aatid":300053850,"termtype":"Techniques"},{"id":2163349,"term":"volcanic rock","aatid":300011246,"termtype":"Materials"},{"id":2164290,"term":"stone","aatid":300011176,"termtype":"Materials"},{"id":2166253,"term":"shell","aatid":300011829,"termtype":"Materials"}],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place made: North America, Mexico, Central Mexico","code":"Place made","continent":"North America","subcontinent":"Mesoamerica","country":"Mexico","region":"Central Mexico","state":null,"city":null,"county":null,"subregion":null,"locale":null,"locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":"http://www.geonames.org/3996063/mexico.html","location":{"lat":"23","lon":"-102"}}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"41.00"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"24.00"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Depth","units":"centimeters","dimension":"22.20"}],"markings":null,"accessionyear":"2001-01-01","newaccession":0,"makers":[],"datecomputed":1423,"signed":null,"restrictions":null,"classification":"Sculpture","packages":[{"packageid":225488,"name":"Gallery_20(Pavilion5)-AAA"},{"packageid":197269,"name":"web_highlights -revised 2021"},{"packageid":278831,"name":"10282025-DAY1-ONVIEW"}],"catalograisonne":null,"classifications":[{"id":2055438,"classification":"figurines"},{"id":2048789,"classification":"religious objects"}],"exhibitions":[],"cultures":[{"id":12496,"culture":"Mexica","alphasort":"Mexica","begindate":0,"enddate":0,"displayculture":"Mexica","displaydate":null}],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/2001-299_OBL"],"displaytitle":"Macehual (commoner)","displayculture":"Mexica","displaymaker":null,"captionhtml":"Mexica, Late Postclassic Period, 1325–1521, Central Mexico, Mexico, Mesoamerica, <i>Macehual (commoner)</i>. Volcanic stone with inlaid shell eyes; 41 × 24 × 22.2 cm. Gift of Dr. Alvin E. Friedman-Kien (2001-299)","displaydate":"1325–1521","medium":"Volcanic stone with inlaid shell eyes","media":[{"id":2105,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/2001-299_BAC","isprimary":0,"rank":2,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"Luna Digitization Project"},{"id":2106,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/2001-299_OBL","isprimary":1,"rank":3,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"Luna Digitization Project"}],"displayperiod":"Late Postclassic Period","extended_content":false,"campuscollections":"false","bibliography":[{"boilertext":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection</i> (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007)","citation":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection</i> (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), p. 136 (illus.)","date":2007,"id":474,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/191864564"},{"boilertext":"\"Acquisitions of the Princeton University Art Museum 2001,\" <EM>Record of the Princeton University Art Museum</EM> 61 (2002): p. 101-142.","citation":"\"Acquisitions of the Princeton University Art Museum 2001,\" <EM>Record of the Princeton University Art Museum</EM> 61 (2002): p. 101-142., p. 140 (illus.), p. 142","date":2002,"id":3028,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774768"},{"boilertext":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collections </i>(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2013)","citation":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collections </i>(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2013), p. 135","date":2013,"id":1994,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/865020505"},{"boilertext":"Harmer Johnson, ed. <i>Guide to the Arts of the Americas</i> (New York: Rizzoli, 1992)","citation":"Harmer Johnson, ed. <i>Guide to the Arts of the Americas</i> (New York: Rizzoli, 1992), p. 102 (illus.)","date":1992,"id":1260,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/25547967"}],"nowebuse":"False","periods":[{"id":24018,"period":"Late Postclassic Period","alphasort":"Postclassic Period, Late","begindate":1350,"enddate":1521,"displayperiod":"Late Postclassic Period","displaydate":null}],"department":"Art of the Ancient Americas","attribute_groups":[{"id":2199317,"term":"Art of the Ancient Americas","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"daterange":"A.D. 1000-1500","dateend":1521,"depicted":[],"titles":[{"title":"Macehual (commoner)","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"hasimage":"true","creditlinerepro":"","objectnumber":"2001-299","inscribed":null,"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Provenance","textentryhtml":"2001, gift of Dr. Alvin E. Friedman-Kien, New York, to the Princeton University Art Museum.\n","remarks":null},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"Small Mexica stone sculptures of commoners, like this one, often feature compact proportions, simple yet anatomically sensitive modeling, and a general lack of individuality. The seated pose, with arms crossed over drawn-up knees, is a standard male posture, in contrast to the kneeling pose reserved for female figures. The stoic expression captures the idealized Mexica citizen—humble, dignified, and anonymous. This piece may have served as a standard-bearer, with the standard inserted into the void formed by the figure’s crossed arms. It likely resided in front of a temple or shrine, perpetually present and penitent. Although this class of sculpture usually had recessed eye cavities for inlays, the shell inserts in this figure are probably modern additions.\n","remarks":"AAA3_20-T3B-6_CLA_FA_7_17_25.pdf - Day 1 installation"}],"datebegin":1325,"sortnumber":"2001  299","published_date":"2026-03-05 09:12:19.889115","objectid":40593,"dimensions":"41 × 24 × 22.2 cm (16 1/8 × 9 7/16 × 8 3/4 in.)","on_view":true}