{"secondaryobjectnumber":null,"periodterms":[{"id":2035671,"period":"Late Classic"}],"creditline":"Gift of Gillett G. Griffin","caption":"Maya, Late Classic Period, 600–900, Northern lowlands, Campeche, Maya area, Mexico, Mesoamerica, Defiant bound captive. Ceramic; 19.5 × 8 × 7.6 cm. Gift of Gillett G. Griffin (2003-148)","cultureterms":[{"id":2039077,"culture":"Late Classic"},{"id":2036114,"culture":"Maya"}],"type":"artobject","dimensionsproposed":"","terms":[{"id":2088273,"term":"man","aatid":300025928,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2055657,"term":"figures (representations)","aatid":300189808,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2055437,"term":"figurines","aatid":300047455,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2049167,"term":"ceramics","aatid":300151343,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2039077,"term":"Late Classic","aatid":300016986,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2094877,"term":"noble (aristocrat)","aatid":300236022,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2035671,"term":"Late Classic","aatid":300016986,"termtype":"Period / Style"},{"id":2146994,"term":"torture","aatid":300260428,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2055673,"term":"nude","aatid":300189568,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2036114,"term":"Maya","aatid":null,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2160750,"term":"ceramic","aatid":300235507,"termtype":"Materials"}],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place excavated: North America, Mexico, Campeche, Maya area, Jaina Island or vicinity","code":"Place excavated","continent":"North America","subcontinent":"Mesoamerica","country":"Mexico","region":"Maya area","state":"Campeche","city":null,"county":null,"subregion":"Northern lowlands","locale":"Jaina Island or vicinity","locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":"http://www.geonames.org/3526628/isla-jaina.html","location":{"lat":"","lon":""}}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"19.50"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"8.00"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Depth","units":"centimeters","dimension":"7.58"}],"markings":null,"accessionyear":"2003-01-01","newaccession":0,"makers":[],"datecomputed":750,"signed":null,"restrictions":null,"classification":"Ceramic","packages":[{"packageid":225488,"name":"Gallery_20(Pavilion5)-AAA"},{"packageid":181974,"name":"web_2020_AAA"},{"packageid":278831,"name":"10282025-DAY1-ONVIEW"},{"packageid":197269,"name":"web_highlights -revised 2021"},{"packageid":207612,"name":"2021_RosamundFitzmaurice_12_06-10"},{"packageid":208851,"name":"2022_ART267_03_30"}],"catalograisonne":null,"classifications":[{"id":2055437,"classification":"figurines"},{"id":2049167,"classification":"ceramics"}],"exhibitions":[{"exhibitionid":559,"citation":"Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya (April 4, 2004–January 2, 2005)","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"2004-04-04","enddate":"2005-01-02","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/559"},{"exhibitionid":1707,"citation":"Pre-Columbian Art from Mesoamerica (April 23–June 20, 1981)","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"1981-04-23","enddate":"1981-06-20","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/1707"},{"exhibitionid":1680,"citation":"The Blood of Kings: Dynasty and Ritual in Maya Art (May 17 - December 14, 1986)","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"1986-05-17","enddate":"1986-12-14","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/1680"}],"cultures":[{"id":12497,"culture":"Maya","alphasort":"Maya","begindate":0,"enddate":0,"displayculture":"Maya","displaydate":null}],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMANX25_250402_20544"],"displaytitle":"Defiant bound captive","displayculture":"Maya","displaymaker":null,"captionhtml":"Maya, Late Classic Period, 600–900, Northern lowlands, Campeche, Maya area, Mexico, Mesoamerica, <i>Defiant bound captive</i>. Ceramic; 19.5 × 8 × 7.6 cm. Gift of Gillett G. Griffin (2003-148)","displaydate":"600–900","medium":"Ceramic","media":[{"id":262191,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMANX25_250402_20544","isprimary":1,"rank":1,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"},{"id":262192,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMANX25_250402_20545","isprimary":0,"rank":2,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"},{"id":262193,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMANX25_250402_20546","isprimary":0,"rank":3,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"},{"id":262194,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMANX25_250402_20548","isprimary":0,"rank":4,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"},{"id":262195,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMANX25_250402_20549","isprimary":0,"rank":5,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"},{"id":262196,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMANX25_250402_20550","isprimary":0,"rank":6,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"}],"displayperiod":"Late Classic Period","extended_content":true,"campuscollections":"false","bibliography":[{"boilertext":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collections </i>(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2013)","citation":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collections </i>(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2013), p. 131","date":2013,"id":1994,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/865020505"},{"boilertext":"Linda Schele and Mary E. Miller,<i> The Blood of Kings: Dynasty and Ritual in Maya Art</i> (New York and Fort Worth, George Braziller, Inc. and Kimbell Art Museum, 1986).","citation":"Linda Schele and Mary E. Miller,<i> The Blood of Kings: Dynasty and Ritual in Maya Art</i> (New York and Fort Worth, George Braziller, Inc. and Kimbell Art Museum, 1986)., pl. 93, p. 228 (illus.)","date":1986,"id":2678,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/13327308"},{"boilertext":"Linda Schele, <I>Hidden Faces of the Maya </I>(Poway: ALTI Publishing, 1997).","citation":"Linda Schele, <I>Hidden Faces of the Maya </I>(Poway: ALTI Publishing, 1997)., pl. 23, p. 116 (illus.)","date":1997,"id":2680,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/39548338"},{"boilertext":"Mary E. Miller and Simon Martin, <EM>Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya</EM> (San Francisco: Fine Arts Museum of San Fransisco, 2004).","citation":"Mary E. Miller and Simon Martin, <EM>Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya</EM> (San Francisco: Fine Arts Museum of San Fransisco, 2004)., pl. 95, p. 177 (illus., image reversed)","date":2004,"id":2924,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/54799516"},{"boilertext":"\"Mysteries of the Maya: the rise, glory and collapse of an ancient civilization,\" National Geographic Collector's Edition (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2008).","citation":"\"Mysteries of the Maya: the rise, glory and collapse of an ancient civilization,\" National Geographic Collector's Edition (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2008)., p. 70 (illus.)","date":2008,"id":2927,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/271452657"},{"boilertext":"Nikolai Grube, ed., <EM>Maya: Gottkönige im Regenwald</EM> (Köln: Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2000).","citation":"Nikolai Grube, ed., <EM>Maya: Gottkönige im Regenwald</EM> (Köln: Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2000)., p. 451 (illus.)","date":2000,"id":2955,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/45989737"},{"boilertext":"Donald McVicker, \"Figurines Are Us? The Social Organization of Jaina Island, Campeche, Mexico,\" in <EM>Ancient Mesoamerica </EM>23, no. 2&nbsp;(Fall, 2012):&nbsp;p. 211-234.","citation":"Donald McVicker, \"Figurines Are Us? The Social Organization of Jaina Island, Campeche, Mexico,\" in <EM>Ancient Mesoamerica </EM>23, no. 2&nbsp;(Fall, 2012):&nbsp;p. 211-234., p. 220 (illus.)","date":2012,"id":1449,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/4937733003"},{"boilertext":"\"Acquisitions of the Princeton University Art Museum 2003,\" <em>Record of the Princeton University Art Museum</em> 63 (2004): p. 101-141.","citation":"\"Acquisitions of the Princeton University Art Museum 2003,\" <em>Record of the Princeton University Art Museum</em> 63 (2004): p. 101-141., pp. 139–140 (illus.)","date":2004,"id":1822,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774848"},{"boilertext":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection</i> (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007)","citation":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection</i> (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), p. 120 (illus.)","date":2007,"id":474,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/191864564"}],"nowebuse":"False","periods":[{"id":24016,"period":"Late Classic Period","alphasort":"Classic Period, Late","begindate":0,"enddate":0,"displayperiod":"Late Classic Period","displaydate":null}],"department":"Art of the Ancient Americas","attribute_groups":[{"id":2199317,"term":"Art of the Ancient Americas","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"daterange":"A.D. 500-1000","dateend":900,"depicted":[],"titles":[{"title":"Defiant bound captive","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"hasimage":"true","creditlinerepro":"","objectnumber":"2003-148","inscribed":null,"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Provenance","textentryhtml":"Acquired by Gillett G. Griffin (1928-2016), Princeton, NJ, by 1967 [1]; gift to the Princeton University Art Museum, 2003 [2].\n\n[1] According to dated slides in the Griffin archive.\n[2] Griffin lent the work to Museum in 1967 and 1974 (L.1967.212; also L.1974.10).","remarks":null},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"<p>Ceramic figurines associated with the islands of Jaina and Uaymil, off the west coast of Campeche, Mexico, provide an exceptionally rich record of noble Maya costume and adornment, including variations related to gender and courtly position. Looters disinterred hundreds of such figurines, all presumably associated with burials. The works vary dramatically in terms of detail and mode of manufacture, with some meticulously shaped by hand, others pressed from clay molds, and yet others fabricated through a combination of molded and modeled components. Many of the figurines produce sound, as rattles filled with clay pellets or as whistles, some producing multiple tones. The sound likely served to enliven and spiritually animate the subjects of these works. Although archaeological data is limited, individuals\n\nwere buried with one or a few figurines, but they do not generally accord with the status or gender of the interred.\n</p><p>Bound arms and nudity indicate that this figure is a captive. A well-nourished belly and calm countenance point to his status as a noble and\n<br />\nthus prized prisoner. Empty holes in the ears may have held simple white paper strips, a common adornment of Maya captives prepared for\n<br />\nsacrifice. His missing lower legs and genitalia, as well as his bashed and broken nose, possibly signal mutilation and torture. Hair made of a perishable material may have been attached to the recesses on the head.\n </p>","remarks":null}],"datebegin":600,"sortnumber":"2003  148","published_date":"2026-02-11 11:11:52.451826","objectid":41991,"dimensions":"19.5 × 8 × 7.6 cm (7 11/16 × 3 1/8 × 3 in.)","on_view":true}