{"type":"artobject","objectid":42309,"objectnumber":"2004-28","sortnumber":"2004   28","displaytitle":"Bowl with image of Xochiquetzal (Flower-Quetzal Bird)","department":"Art of the Ancient Americas","classification":"Ceramic","datebegin":1350,"dateend":1521,"datecomputed":1436,"daterange":"A.D. 1000-1500","displaydate":"1350–1521","medium":"Ceramic with orange slip and dark-red slip-paint","dimensions":"h. 3.7, diam. 13.5 cm. (1 7/16 x 5 5/16 in.)","dimensionsproposed":"","creditline":"Museum purchase, Fowler McCormick, Class of 1921, Fund","markings":null,"inscribed":null,"signed":null,"catalograisonne":null,"creditlinerepro":"","restrictions":null,"nowebuse":"False","secondaryobjectnumber":null,"campuscollections":"false","on_view":true,"accessionyear":"2004-01-01","newaccession":0,"titles":[{"title":"Bowl with image of Xochiquetzal (Flower-Quetzal Bird)","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"makers":[],"depicted":[],"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Provenance","textentryhtml":"<p>\n\tBy 1989, John B. Rhoads, Mexico [1]; 2004, sold to the Princeton University Art Museum.\n</p>\n<p>\n\tNotes:\n\t<br />\n\t[1] Rhoads lent the work to the Museum in 1989 (L.1989.109).\n</p>","remarks":null},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Didactics","textentryhtml":"This drinking bowl depicts the upper torso and head of an Eastern Nahua goddess. Her hair falls down the back of her head behind a large earspool and pendant, and she wears a crown featuring two spars tipped with large flowers. The top of the head is surmounted by a bloodletter used for the ritual of auto-sacrifice and by a large jewel, from which is emitted a scroll of mist similar in form to the elaborate ornamentation of the rim. The objects held in her hands are less defined. One appears to be a small bag, possibly containing tobacco, a substance used as often for ritual offerings as for smoking. The flower crown and the distinctive red bands of face paint framing the eye identify the goddess as Xochiquetzal, \"Flower-Quetzal Bird\" in the Nahuatl language, but the two vertical bands of color over the jaw are more typical of the water goddess Chalchiutlique, or \"Jade Skirt.\" The two goddesses were closely associated in legend, and the painter may have intended to invoke a relationship through a fusion of their characteristics. Xochiquetzal and her consort Xochipilli, or \"Lord Flower Prince,\" were especially called upon during a celebration called Xochilhuitl (\"feast of flowers\"), dedicated to the royal artisans. There are also iconographic and ritual connections between the two goddesses and the ominous Cihuateteo, who were believed to be the spirits of those who had died in childbirth. The Cihuateteo were therefore invoked as patrons of midwives, diviners, and sorcerers in rituals over which Xochiquetzal and Chalchiutlique presided.","remarks":null},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"This small bowl depicts the upper torso and head of an Aztec goddess. Her hair falls behind a large earspool and pendant, and she wears a crown featuring two spars tipped with large flowers. The objects in her hands are less defined. One appears to be a small bag, possibly containing tobacco, a substance used often for ritual offerings. The floral crown and distinctive red bands of face paint framing the eye identify the goddess as Xochiquetzal, called Flower-Quetzal Bird in the Nahuatl language. Xochiquetzal and her consort Xochipilli, or Lord Flower Prince, were called upon during a celebration called Xochilhuitl (feast of flowers), dedicated to the royal artisans. ","remarks":"2015 AAA Reinstallation, \"Aztec case\""}],"media":[{"id":262263,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMANX25_250410_20834","isprimary":1,"rank":1,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"},{"id":262264,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMANX25_250410_20840","isprimary":0,"rank":3,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"},{"id":262265,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMANX25_250410_20853","isprimary":0,"rank":2,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"PUAM Photo"}],"hasimage":"true","bibliography":[{"boilertext":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection</i> (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007)","citation":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection</i> (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), p. 135 (illus.)","date":2007,"id":474,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/191864564"},{"boilertext":"John M. D. Pohl, Sorcerers of the Fifth Heaven: Nahua Art and Ritual of Ancient Southern Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Program in Latin American Studies<I> </I>no<I>.</I> 9, 2007).","citation":"John M. D. Pohl, Sorcerers of the Fifth Heaven: Nahua Art and Ritual of Ancient Southern Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Program in Latin American Studies<I> </I>no<I>.</I> 9, 2007)., fig. 25c, p. 44 (illus.)","date":2007,"id":2657,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/123232128"},{"boilertext":"John M. D. Pohl, \"Nahua Drinking Bowl with an Image of Xochiquetzal,\"&nbsp;<EM>Record of the Princeton University Art Museum</EM> 63 (2004): 40-45.","citation":"John M. D. Pohl, \"Nahua Drinking Bowl with an Image of Xochiquetzal,\"&nbsp;<EM>Record of the Princeton University Art Museum</EM> 63 (2004): 40-45., p. 40 (illus.); fig. 5, p. 43 (illus.); fig. 6, p. 44 (illus. line drawing); fig. 8, p. 45 (illus.)","date":2004,"id":2743,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774843"},{"boilertext":"\"Acquisitions of the Princeton University Art Museum 2004,\" <EM>Record of the Princeton University Art Museum</EM>&nbsp;64 (2005): p. 91-135.","citation":"\"Acquisitions of the Princeton University Art Museum 2004,\" <EM>Record of the Princeton University Art Museum</EM>&nbsp;64 (2005): p. 91-135., p. 134","date":2005,"id":468,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774838"},{"boilertext":"Felipe Solís, <EM>The Aztec Empire: Catalogue of the Exhibition</EM> (New York: Guggenheim Museum Publications, 2004).","citation":"Felipe Solís, <EM>The Aztec Empire: Catalogue of the Exhibition</EM> (New York: Guggenheim Museum Publications, 2004)., cat. no. 293 (illus.)","date":2004,"id":2930,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/57144932"},{"boilertext":"Virginia M. Fields, et al., <EM>Children of the Plumed Serpent: the Legacy of Quetzalcoatl in ancient Mexico </EM><EM>(</EM>London: Scala Publishers Limited, 2012).","citation":"Virginia M. Fields, et al., <EM>Children of the Plumed Serpent: the Legacy of Quetzalcoatl in ancient Mexico </EM><EM>(</EM>London: Scala Publishers Limited, 2012)., p. 225","date":2012,"id":1385,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/755905566"}],"exhibitions":[],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place made: North America, Mexico, Puebla, Central Mexico","code":"Place made","continent":"North America","subcontinent":"Mesoamerica","country":"Mexico","region":"Central Mexico","state":"Puebla","city":null,"county":null,"subregion":null,"locale":null,"locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":"http://www.geonames.org/3521082/estado-de-puebla.html","location":{"lat":"","lon":""}}],"terms":[{"id":2072423,"term":"bag (container)","aatid":300194509,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2171855,"term":"goddesses","aatid":null,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2073090,"term":"bowls (vessels)","aatid":300203596,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2049167,"term":"ceramics","aatid":300151343,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2095964,"term":"religious art","aatid":300248179,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2096051,"term":"mythology","aatid":300055985,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2115820,"term":"crown (costume component)","aatid":300213000,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2040613,"term":"Nahua","aatid":300017793,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2035674,"term":"Postclassic","aatid":300016987,"termtype":"Period / Style"},{"id":2035681,"term":"Late Postclassic","aatid":300134119,"termtype":"Period / Style"},{"id":2055657,"term":"figures (representations)","aatid":300189808,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2130621,"term":"pendant (jewelry)","aatid":300046002,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2056370,"term":"red","aatid":300126225,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2056963,"term":"orange","aatid":300126734,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2088282,"term":"woman","aatid":300025943,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2120449,"term":"flowers (plants)","aatid":300132399,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2048804,"term":"bloodletter","aatid":300261158,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2160397,"term":"slip","aatid":300010459,"termtype":"Materials"},{"id":2160750,"term":"ceramic","aatid":300235507,"termtype":"Materials"}],"classifications":[{"id":2049167,"classification":"ceramics"},{"id":2073090,"classification":"bowls (vessels)"}],"cultures":[{"id":13855,"culture":"Eastern Nahua","alphasort":"Eastern Nahua","begindate":0,"enddate":0,"displayculture":"Eastern Nahua","displaydate":null}],"cultureterms":[{"id":2040613,"culture":"Nahua"}],"periods":[{"id":24018,"period":"Late Postclassic Period","alphasort":"Postclassic Period, Late","begindate":1350,"enddate":1521,"displayperiod":"Late Postclassic Period","displaydate":null}],"periodterms":[{"id":2035674,"period":"Postclassic"},{"id":2035681,"period":"Late Postclassic"}],"attribute_groups":[{"id":2199317,"term":"Art of the Ancient Americas","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"3.70"},{"element":"Overall","type":"diam.","units":"centimeters","dimension":"13.50"}],"packages":[{"packageid":225488,"name":"Gallery_20(Pavilion5)-AAA"},{"packageid":181974,"name":"web_2020_AAA"},{"packageid":278831,"name":"10282025-DAY1-ONVIEW"}],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAMANX25_250410_20834"],"displaymaker":null,"displayculture":"Eastern Nahua","displayperiod":"Late Postclassic Period","caption":"Eastern Nahua, Late Postclassic Period, 1350–1521, Puebla, Central Mexico, Mexico, Mesoamerica, Bowl with image of Xochiquetzal (Flower-Quetzal Bird). Ceramic with orange slip and dark-red slip-paint; 3.7 x 13.5 cm. Museum purchase, Fowler McCormick, Class of 1921, Fund (2004-28)","captionhtml":"Eastern Nahua, Late Postclassic Period, 1350–1521, Puebla, Central Mexico, Mexico, Mesoamerica, <i>Bowl with image of Xochiquetzal (Flower-Quetzal Bird)</i>. Ceramic with orange slip and dark-red slip-paint; 3.7 x 13.5 cm. Museum purchase, Fowler McCormick, Class of 1921, Fund (2004-28)","published_date":"2026-03-05 09:15:58.898707","campusart":[{"campuscollections":"false","campusart":0,"neighborhood":null,"lat":null,"lon":null}],"extended_content":false}