{"secondaryobjectnumber":null,"periodterms":[],"creditline":"Gift of Annalee Newman","caption":"Milton Avery (1885–1965; born Altmar, NY; died New York, NY), Red Umbrella, 1945. Oil on canvas; 63.5 × 106.7 cm, 75 × 118.1 × 6.3 cm (frame). Gift of Annalee Newman (1995-333)","cultureterms":[{"id":2038492,"culture":"American"}],"type":"artobject","dimensionsproposed":"","terms":[{"id":2120273,"term":"beach","aatid":300008816,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2055788,"term":"seascapes","aatid":300117546,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2056370,"term":"red","aatid":300126225,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2038492,"term":"American","aatid":300107956,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2057900,"term":"pale yellow","aatid":300127919,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2058601,"term":"green (color)","aatid":300128438,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2061154,"term":"white (color)","aatid":300129784,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2138794,"term":"umbrella","aatid":300046227,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2055657,"term":"figures (representations)","aatid":300189808,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2052977,"term":"paintings","aatid":300033618,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2119814,"term":"ocean","aatid":300008687,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2053145,"term":"oil paintings","aatid":300033799,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2167780,"term":"oil paint","aatid":300015050,"termtype":"Materials"},{"id":2171344,"term":"canvas","aatid":null,"termtype":"Materials"}],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place made: North America, United States, New York, New York","code":"Place made","continent":"North America","subcontinent":null,"country":"United States","region":null,"state":"New York","city":"New York","county":null,"subregion":null,"locale":null,"locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":"https://www.geonames.org/5128581/new-york-city.html","location":{"lat":"","lon":""}}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"frame","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"75.00"},{"element":"frame","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"118.10"},{"element":"frame","type":"Depth","units":"centimeters","dimension":"6.34"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"63.50"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"106.70"}],"markings":null,"accessionyear":"1995-01-01","newaccession":0,"makers":[{"id":177,"displayname":"Milton Avery","displaydate":"1885–1965; born Altmar, NY; died New York, NY","datebegin":1885,"dateend":1965,"prefix":null,"suffix":null,"role":"Artist","displaymaker":"Milton Avery, 1885–1965; born Altmar, NY; died New York, NY","displayorder":1}],"datecomputed":1945,"signed":"Signed and dated in graphite, bottom right: Milton Avery/ 1945","restrictions":"Restricted","classification":"Paintings","packages":[{"packageid":205696,"name":"exh_tour_Object_Lessons"},{"packageid":206416,"name":"image_descriptions_KG"},{"packageid":278831,"name":"10282025-DAY1-ONVIEW"},{"packageid":213904,"name":"Gallery_23-27(Pavilion7)-American"},{"packageid":182964,"name":"Tour_LSC"},{"packageid":192740,"name":"PUAM_Transition to Modern Art"},{"packageid":194699,"name":"PUAM_Seascapes & Cityscapes_Evergreen"},{"packageid":197269,"name":"web_highlights -revised 2021"},{"packageid":198744,"name":"PUAM_Seascapes & Cityscapes"},{"packageid":203266,"name":"web_ObjectLessons_Sections_19-26_Environment"}],"catalograisonne":null,"classifications":[{"id":2053145,"classification":"oil paintings"},{"id":2052977,"classification":"paintings"}],"exhibitions":[{"exhibitionid":3649,"citation":"Object Lessons in American Art: Selections from the Princeton University Art Museum Saturday, February 4, 2023 - Sunday, January 7, 2024","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"2023-02-04","enddate":"2024-01-07","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/3649"}],"cultures":[],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAM22_2296"],"displaytitle":"Red Umbrella","displayculture":null,"displaymaker":"Milton Avery, 1885–1965; born Altmar, NY; died New York, NY","captionhtml":"Milton Avery (1885–1965; born Altmar, NY; died New York, NY), <i>Red Umbrella</i>, 1945. Oil on canvas; 63.5 × 106.7 cm, 75 × 118.1 × 6.3 cm (frame). Gift of Annalee Newman (1995-333)","displaydate":"1945","medium":"Oil on canvas","media":[{"id":237292,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/PUAM22_2296","isprimary":1,"rank":1,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":"Restricted","caption":"PUAM Photo"}],"displayperiod":null,"extended_content":false,"campuscollections":"false","bibliography":[{"boilertext":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection</i> (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007)","citation":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collection</i> (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), 251 (illus.)","date":2007,"id":474,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/191864564"},{"boilertext":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collections </i>(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2013)","citation":"<i>Princeton University Art Museum: Handbook of the Collections </i>(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2013), p. 272","date":2013,"id":1994,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/865020505"},{"boilertext":"\"Acquisitions of the Art Museum 1995,\" <em>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</em> 56, no. 1/2 (1997): p. 36-74.","citation":"\"Acquisitions of the Art Museum 1995,\" <em>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</em> 56, no. 1/2 (1997): p. 36-74., p. 36, p. 38 (illus.)","date":1997,"id":3050,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774759"}],"nowebuse":"False","periods":[],"department":"Modern and Contemporary Art","attribute_groups":[{"id":2199324,"term":"Art Since 1945","termtype":"Collecting Area"},{"id":2199325,"term":"North American Art","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"daterange":"A.D. 1945-present","dateend":1945,"depicted":[],"titles":[{"title":"Red Umbrella","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"hasimage":"true","creditlinerepro":"© 2013 Milton Avery Trust / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York","objectnumber":"1995-333","inscribed":null,"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Handbook Entry","textentryhtml":"\r\nIn 1944, Milton Avery abruptly shifted style, moving closer to pure abstraction without relinquishing his fundamental commitment to representation. Avery abandoned the brushy paint application and detailing of his early technique to create works with smooth, flat areas of broadly modulated, vibrant color. Texture increasingly was conveyed by scratching onto the painted surface with a sharp object, reducing the illusion of depth and calling attention to the picture plane. Avery’s new aesthetic — spare and economical — operated in tandem with his sophisticated color harmonies and subtle orchestration of hue. His formal innovations had a profound influence on a succeeding generation of &shy;American&nbsp;artists, including Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman, who purchased <I>Red Umbrella</I> in 1946. </P></SPAN>","remarks":null},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Provenance","textentryhtml":"Annalee Newman, New York, New York, gift; to Princeton University Art Museum, 1995.","remarks":"as per curatorial file. AP."},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"In 1944, Avery abandoned the brushy paint application and detailing of his earlier paintings to create works with smooth areas of broad and unmodulated, vibrant color. With these flat areas of color, the artist reduced the illusion of depth by calling attention to the picture plane. Avery selectively conveyed form and texture by scratching onto the painted surface with a sharp object, a technique that enabled him to approach pure abstraction without relinquishing his fundamental commitment to representation. The resulting spare aesthetic heightened awareness of his sophisticated color harmonies, in which space was articulated less by form than by the subtle relationships among various hues. His formal innovations had a profound influence on the next generation of American artists, including Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman, who purchased <i>Red Umbrella</i> in 1946.\n","remarks":"AMER2_23-27_WLA  Day 1 Cataloguing"}],"datebegin":1945,"sortnumber":"1995  333","published_date":"2026-03-31 02:00:24.375070","objectid":4579,"dimensions":"63.5 × 106.7 cm (25 × 42 in.)\r\nframe: 75 × 118.1 × 6.3 cm (29 1/2 × 46 1/2 × 2 1/2 in.)","on_view":true}