{"secondaryobjectnumber":null,"periodterms":[],"creditline":"Museum purchase, Peter Jay Sharp, Class of 1952, Fund","caption":"Eastern Woodland, Spiro style, Mississippian, 1200–1400, Arkansas, United States, Southeast, Earspools with 6-pointed star motif. Fine-grained stone; 1.6 x 9.5 cm (each). Museum purchase, Peter Jay Sharp, Class of 1952, Fund (2009-27 a-b)","cultureterms":[{"id":2035220,"culture":"Woodland Tradition"}],"type":"artobject","dimensionsproposed":"","terms":[{"id":2048931,"term":"ornament","aatid":300056258,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2159364,"term":"stars","aatid":300009811,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2035220,"term":"Woodland Tradition","aatid":300016671,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2130588,"term":"jewelry","aatid":300209286,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2130705,"term":"earspools","aatid":300209300,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2096251,"term":"iconography","aatid":300055859,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2164290,"term":"stone","aatid":300011176,"termtype":"Materials"}],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place collected: North America, United States, Arkansas, Davis Place","code":"Place collected","continent":"North America","subcontinent":"Southeast","country":"United States","region":null,"state":"Arkansas","city":null,"county":"Pike County","subregion":null,"locale":"Davis Place","locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":"http://www.geonames.org/4126123/pike-county.html","location":{"lat":"","lon":""}}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"1.55"},{"element":"Overall","type":"diam.","units":"centimeters","dimension":"9.50"}],"markings":null,"accessionyear":"2009-01-01","newaccession":0,"makers":[],"datecomputed":1300,"signed":null,"restrictions":null,"classification":"Ornament","packages":[{"packageid":181974,"name":"web_2020_AAA"},{"packageid":152535,"name":"web_seashells"}],"catalograisonne":null,"classifications":[{"id":2130705,"classification":"earspools"},{"id":2130588,"classification":"jewelry"},{"id":2048931,"classification":"ornament"}],"exhibitions":[],"cultures":[{"id":14892,"culture":"Eastern Woodland","alphasort":"Eastern Woodland","begindate":0,"enddate":0,"displayculture":"Eastern Woodland, Spiro style","displaydate":null}],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/2009-27A-B_FRN"],"displaytitle":"Earspools with 6-pointed star motif","displayculture":"Eastern Woodland, Spiro style","displaymaker":null,"captionhtml":"Eastern Woodland, Spiro style, Mississippian, 1200–1400, Arkansas, United States, Southeast, <i>Earspools with 6-pointed star motif</i>. Fine-grained stone; 1.6 x 9.5 cm (each). Museum purchase, Peter Jay Sharp, Class of 1952, Fund (2009-27 a-b)","displaydate":"1200–1400","medium":"Fine-grained stone","media":[{"id":22952,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/2009-27A-B_BAC","isprimary":0,"rank":2,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"Bruce White Photography"},{"id":22953,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/2009-27A-B_FRN","isprimary":1,"rank":1,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"Bruce White Photography"}],"displayperiod":"Mississippian","extended_content":false,"campuscollections":"false","bibliography":[{"boilertext":"Skinner, Inc. <EM>American Indian &amp; Ethnographic Art, </EM>sale 2442.&nbsp;24 January 2008, Boston.","citation":"Skinner, Inc. <EM>American Indian &amp; Ethnographic Art, </EM>sale 2442.&nbsp;24 January 2008, Boston., lot 207 (illus.)","date":2008,"id":2688,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/297808055"},{"boilertext":"Richard F. Townsend, ed., <I>Hero, Hawk, and Open Hand: American Indian Art of the Ancient Midwest and South</I> (Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, Yale University Press, 2004).","citation":"Richard F. Townsend, ed., <I>Hero, Hawk, and Open Hand: American Indian Art of the Ancient Midwest and South</I> (Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, Yale University Press, 2004)., cat. no. 164 (illus.)","date":2004,"id":2713,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/56633574"},{"boilertext":"\"Acquisitions of the Princeton University Art Museum 2009,\"&nbsp;<em>Record of the Princeton University Art Museum</em> 69 (2010): p. 51-85.","citation":"\"Acquisitions of the Princeton University Art Museum 2009,\"&nbsp;<em>Record of the Princeton University Art Museum</em> 69 (2010): p. 51-85., p. 60 (illus.)","date":2010,"id":1248,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/41757697"}],"nowebuse":"False","periods":[{"id":13835,"period":"Mississippian","alphasort":"Mississippian","begindate":0,"enddate":0,"displayperiod":"Mississippian","displaydate":null}],"department":"Art of the Ancient Americas","attribute_groups":[{"id":2199317,"term":"Art of the Ancient Americas","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"daterange":"A.D. 1000-1500","dateend":1400,"depicted":[],"titles":[{"title":"Earspools with 6-pointed star motif","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"hasimage":"true","creditlinerepro":"","objectnumber":"2009-27 a-b","inscribed":null,"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Didactics","textentryhtml":"These elegantly simple and abstractly adorned earspools, carved of a fine, cream-colored stone (limestone?), are a standard form of adornment for high-ranking individuals associated with the major ancient city of Spiro, in present-day eastern Oklahoma.  Spiro is generally considered a peripheral node in the network of Mississippi valley sites comprising a cultural sphere variously known as the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex, Mound Builder, Eastern Woodland, or Mississippian.  Spiro's apogee, dating to A.D. 1000-1600, makes it one of the last great cities of this tradition.  Although this pair of earspools are labeled (see verso image) as coming from Pike County, AK, their general form, style of manufacture, and the simple raised star motif are attested at Spiro, and associate them with that tradition (cf. Townsend 2004:244).\r\n\r\nThe geometric patterns on Spiro and related Caddoan objects of this region resist iconographic interpretation, in part due to the nearly total disjunction between ancient traditions and modern Native American life in Oklahoma (to where Arkansas Natives were also forcibly migrated).  The star motif's appearance on well-fashioned objects, particularly on highly-visible personal adornment such as large earspools, certainly suggests the design was indicative of high rank.  Further, both the motif and the color of the stone may reference shell, a material prized and favored throughout the American Southeast.  The six-pointed form bears a notable similarity to cut conch shell - compare, for example, the Aztec cut-shell pectoral currently on display at PUAM (L.1987.51).\r\n","remarks":null},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"These simple and abstract earspools, carved of a fine, cream-colored stone, were a standard form of adornment for high-ranking individuals associated with the ancient city of Spiro, in present-day eastern Oklahoma, which thrived from A.D. 1000 to 1600. Although this pair of earspools was reportedly found in Arkansas, their form, style of manufacture, and the raised star motif are known best from Spiro and associate them with that tradition. The star motif's appearance on personal adornments such as earspools suggests that the design indicated the wearer’s high rank. Both the motif and the color of the stone may refer to shell, a material prized and favored throughout the American Southeast. ","remarks":"2015 AAA Reinstallation WC7 Native North America"}],"datebegin":1200,"sortnumber":"2009   27 a    b","published_date":"2026-02-11 12:12:28.652783","objectid":56304,"dimensions":"each: h. 1.6 cm., diam. 9.5 cm. (5/8 x 3 3/4 in.)","on_view":false}