{"secondaryobjectnumber":null,"periodterms":[{"id":2033603,"period":"Qing"}],"creditline":"Gift of George Rowley","caption":"Chinese, Qing dynasty (1644–1912), Zhang Xianghai 張香海, carving agent (juren degree 1835), Wenchang Dijun (God of Literature) at the Wind Cave, 1854 (stone); late 19th to first half of 20th century (rubbing). Hanging scroll; blue ink rubbing on paper; 68 x 43 cm (image), 88.8 x 47.5 cm. Gift of George Rowley (y1958-257)","cultureterms":[{"id":2033355,"culture":"Chinese"}],"type":"artobject","dimensionsproposed":"","campus_art":false,"terms":[{"id":2055657,"term":"figures (representations)","aatid":300189808,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2094283,"term":"equestrians","aatid":300188602,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2054786,"term":"rubbings","aatid":300103035,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2120663,"term":"literature (writings)","aatid":300180362,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2033355,"term":"Chinese","aatid":300018322,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2103918,"term":"horses","aatid":null,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2033603,"term":"Qing","aatid":300018478,"termtype":"Period / Style"},{"id":2088270,"term":"men","aatid":300025928,"termtype":"Subject"}],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place made: Asia, China","code":"Place made","continent":"Asia","subcontinent":null,"country":"China","region":null,"state":null,"city":null,"county":null,"subregion":null,"locale":null,"locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":null,"location":{"lat":"","lon":""}}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"88.80"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"47.50"},{"element":"image","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"68.00"},{"element":"image","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"43.00"}],"markings":"“Zitong xian yin” 梓潼縣印, sq. relief (half characters, half magical figures)","accessionyear":"1958-01-01","newaccession":0,"makers":[{"id":22578,"displayname":"Zhang Xianghai 張香海","displaydate":"juren degree 1835","datebegin":1835,"dateend":1835,"prefix":null,"suffix":", carving agent","role":"Artist","displaymaker":"Zhang Xianghai 張香海, carving agent, juren degree 1835","displayorder":3}],"datecomputed":1902,"signed":null,"restrictions":null,"classification":"Rubbings","packages":[],"catalograisonne":null,"classifications":[{"id":2054786,"classification":"rubbings"}],"exhibitions":[],"cultures":[{"id":13592,"culture":"Chinese","alphasort":"Chinese","begindate":0,"enddate":0,"displayculture":"Chinese","displaydate":null}],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/INV05354"],"displaytitle":"Wenchang Dijun (God of Literature) at the Wind Cave","displayculture":"Chinese","displaymaker":"Zhang Xianghai 張香海, carving agent, juren degree 1835","alt_numbers":[],"captionhtml":"Chinese, Qing dynasty (1644–1912), Zhang Xianghai 張香海, carving agent (juren degree 1835), <i>Wenchang Dijun (God of Literature) at the Wind Cave</i>, 1854 (stone); late 19th to first half of 20th century (rubbing). Hanging scroll; blue ink rubbing on paper; 68 x 43 cm (image), 88.8 x 47.5 cm. Gift of George Rowley (y1958-257)","displaydate":"1854 (stone); late 19th to first half of 20th century (rubbing)","medium":"Hanging scroll; blue ink rubbing on paper","media":[{"id":59834,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/INV05354","isprimary":1,"rank":1,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"Inventory Project"},{"id":59869,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/INV05220","isprimary":0,"rank":2,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"Inventory Project"}],"displayperiod":"Qing dynasty, 1644–1912","extended_content":false,"campuscollections":"false","bibliography":[{"boilertext":"&quot;Recent Acquisitions,&quot; <i>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</i> 18, no. 1 (1959): p. 40-42.","citation":"&quot;Recent Acquisitions,&quot; <i>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</i> 18, no. 1 (1959): p. 40-42., p. 42","date":1959,"id":876,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3774388"}],"nowebuse":"False","periods":[{"id":15366,"period":"Qing dynasty","alphasort":"Qing dynasty","begindate":1644,"enddate":1912,"displayperiod":"Qing dynasty, 1644–1912","displaydate":"1644–1912"}],"department":"Asian Art","attribute_groups":[{"id":2199319,"term":"Asian Art","termtype":"Collecting Area"},{"id":2199327,"term":"Prints and Drawings","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"daterange":"A.D. 1900-1945","dateend":1950,"depicted":[],"titles":[{"title":"Wenchang Dijun (God of Literature) at the Wind Cave","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"hasimage":"true","creditlinerepro":null,"objectnumber":"y1958-257","inscribed":"Top:\r\n四川梓潼縣七曲山帝君風洞像\r\n“Portrait of [Wenchang 文昌] dijun at the Wind Cave in Mount Qiqu, Zitong County, Sichuan.”\r\n\r\nLeft:\r\nZhang Xianghai 張香海 (1835 juren degree), zi: Mouzi 牟子\r\n大清咸豐甲寅[1854]閏七月\r\n[知縣事山左張香海謹]摹上石\r\n“On the 7th leap month of the jiayin cyclical year during the Xianfeng reign of the Great Qing, Zhang Xianghai from Shandong, the District Magistrate in charge of affairs, respectfully copied onto stone.”","texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Description","textentryhtml":"<p>The Daoist deity Wenchang dijun (God of Literature) is depicted as an old scholar riding a white mount named Baite 白特, and accompanied on foot by two attendants, Tianlong (天聾 or Heaven-deaf) and Diya (地啞 or Earth-mute). Diya is in charge of the register recording the fate of scholars and students but is here shown carrying a qin instrument, while Baite is portrayed as an older man with a sword atop a large case, containing the deity’s large seal, strapped to his back. The trio has just journeyed through the Wind Cave in Mount Qiqu, which according to legend provided the deity with a magical passageway from his base in Zitong county, Sichuan, to the capital thousands of miles away. Wenchang dijun has traditionally been appealed to by writers and scholars in need of inspiration or help before an exam.</p><p>The name of the cave is inscribed above the entrance, and to the left is a waterway with hills and distant mountains in the background. At center above the scene an area of paper that was not inked has been left for a large seal belonging to Zitong county. A title is added across the top in seal-script calligraphy, and a short inscription with the date and carver is appended at left. </p>","remarks":null}],"datebegin":1854,"sortnumber":"1958  257y","published_date":"2026-05-28 02:00:16.469730","objectid":57661,"dimensions":"image: 68 x 43 cm. (26 3/4 x 16 15/16 in.)\r\n88.8 x 47.5 cm. (34 15/16 x 18 11/16 in.)","on_view":false}