{"secondaryobjectnumber":null,"periodterms":[],"creditline":"Museum purchase, gift of William J. Salman, Class of 1955","caption":"Flip Schulke (1930–2008; born New Ulm, MN; died West Palm Beach, FL), for LIFE magazine, White students protesting the enrollment of black students, Montgomery High School, Montgomery, Alabama, September 10, 1963. Gelatin silver print; 35.4 × 27.4 cm. Museum purchase, gift of William J. Salman, Class of 1955 (2010-225)","cultureterms":[{"id":2038492,"culture":"American"}],"type":"artobject","dimensionsproposed":"","campus_art":false,"terms":[{"id":2094049,"term":"students","aatid":300025909,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2088270,"term":"men","aatid":300025928,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2053728,"term":"black-and-white photographs","aatid":300128347,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2055657,"term":"figures (representations)","aatid":300189808,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2053541,"term":"gelatin silver prints","aatid":300128695,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2038492,"term":"American","aatid":300107956,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2082610,"term":"schools","aatid":300006495,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2088280,"term":"women","aatid":300025943,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2125777,"term":"books","aatid":300028051,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2100157,"term":"racial discrimination","aatid":300055304,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2053200,"term":"photographs","aatid":300046300,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2154022,"term":"gelatin silver process","aatid":300139114,"termtype":"Techniques"}],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place depicted: North America, United States, Alabama, Montgomery","code":"Place depicted","continent":"North America","subcontinent":null,"country":"United States","region":null,"state":"Alabama","city":"Montgomery","county":null,"subregion":null,"locale":null,"locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":"http://www.geonames.org/4076784/montgomery.html","location":{"lat":"32.36681","lon":"-86.29997"}}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"35.40"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"27.40"}],"markings":null,"accessionyear":"2010-01-01","newaccession":0,"makers":[{"id":16356,"displayname":"Flip Schulke","displaydate":"1930–2008; born New Ulm, MN; died West Palm Beach, FL","datebegin":1930,"dateend":2008,"prefix":null,"suffix":null,"role":"Artist","displaymaker":"Flip Schulke, 1930–2008; born New Ulm, MN; died West Palm Beach, FL","displayorder":1},{"id":21222,"displayname":"LIFE magazine","displaydate":null,"datebegin":0,"dateend":0,"prefix":"for","suffix":null,"role":"Publisher","displaymaker":"for LIFE magazine","displayorder":2}],"datecomputed":1963,"signed":null,"restrictions":"Restricted","classification":"Photographs","packages":[{"packageid":183111,"name":"Photo_remainder"},{"packageid":131339,"name":"CRS_ENG374_2018"}],"catalograisonne":null,"classifications":[{"id":2053541,"classification":"gelatin silver prints"},{"id":2053728,"classification":"black-and-white photographs"},{"id":2053200,"classification":"photographs"}],"exhibitions":[{"exhibitionid":3439,"citation":"Picturing Protest May 26–October 14, 2018","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"2018-05-26","enddate":"2018-10-14","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/3439"},{"exhibitionid":3974,"citation":"\"What is an American?\": Artists Reflect Sunday, May 17, 2026 - Sunday, November 1, 2026","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"2026-05-17","enddate":"2026-11-01","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/3974"}],"cultures":[],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/2010-225"],"displaytitle":"White students protesting the enrollment of black students, Montgomery High School, Montgomery, Alabama","displayculture":null,"displaymaker":"Flip Schulke, 1930–2008; born New Ulm, MN; died West Palm Beach, FL | for LIFE magazine","alt_numbers":[],"captionhtml":"Flip Schulke (1930–2008; born New Ulm, MN; died West Palm Beach, FL), for LIFE magazine, <i>White students protesting the enrollment of black students, Montgomery High School, Montgomery, Alabama</i>, September 10, 1963. Gelatin silver print; 35.4 × 27.4 cm. Museum purchase, gift of William J. Salman, Class of 1955 (2010-225)","displaydate":"September 10, 1963","medium":"Gelatin silver print","media":[{"id":50423,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/2010-225","isprimary":1,"rank":1,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":"Restricted","caption":"PUAM photo"}],"displayperiod":null,"extended_content":false,"campuscollections":"false","bibliography":[{"boilertext":"\"Acquisitions of the Princeton University Art Museum 2010,\"&nbsp;<em>Record of the Princeton University Art Museum</em> 70 (2011): p. 69-110.","citation":"\"Acquisitions of the Princeton University Art Museum 2010,\"&nbsp;<em>Record of the Princeton University Art Museum</em> 70 (2011): p. 69-110., illustrated p. 97, p. 99","date":2011,"id":2974,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/23631219"}],"nowebuse":"False","periods":[],"department":"Photography","attribute_groups":[{"id":2199324,"term":"Art Since 1945","termtype":"Collecting Area"},{"id":2199325,"term":"North American Art","termtype":"Collecting Area"},{"id":2199326,"term":"Photography","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"daterange":"A.D. 1945-present","dateend":1963,"depicted":[],"titles":[{"title":"White students protesting the enrollment of black students, Montgomery High School, Montgomery, Alabama","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"hasimage":"true","creditlinerepro":"© 1963, Flip Schulke","objectnumber":"2010-225","inscribed":null,"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Special Exhibition","textentryhtml":"Almost ten years after the decision of Brown v. the Board of Education, the first black student to attend a white public school in Alabama enrolled on September 9, 1963. The next day, Schulke captured white students protesting integration and revealed, in the expressions of the students, their necks taught with tension, the implacable hatred of the crowd. While many famous photographs associated with the civil rights movement record the commitment of its leaders and activists, this image presents a vivid reminder of what they found themselves up against.","remarks":"Picturing Protest"},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"<p>\n\tSchulke’s photo for <i>Life</i> magazine shows white students protesting the desegregation of a Montgomery, Alabama, high school in 1963. The juxtaposition of this photo with Hugo Gellert’s image of racial solidarity (below) highlights how protest is a means of civic\n\t<br />\n\tengagement afforded to groups with vastly different ideological positions, and that the boundaries of Americanness—and the rights and privileges it affords—are always shifting and contested.\n</p>","remarks":"Mele Gallery Rotation \"What is an American?\": Artists Reflect "}],"datebegin":1963,"sortnumber":"2010  225","published_date":"2026-05-13 02:01:05.631944","objectid":60445,"dimensions":"35.4 × 27.4 cm (13 15/16 × 10 13/16 in.)","on_view":false}