{"secondaryobjectnumber":null,"periodterms":[{"id":2035666,"period":"Early Classic"}],"creditline":"Museum purchase, Fowler McCormick, Class of 1921, Fund","caption":"Signed Chak Til Mo’ (‘Red Tapir-Macaw’), Maya, Early Classic Period, Patron: Til Man K’ihnich (Radiant Tapir ?), ca. 550 CE, Maya area, Belize, Mesoamerica, Two Pawatuns. Fine-grained chalk; 13.3 × 17.1 × 14.6 cm (a), 12.7 × 13.3 × 17.8 cm (b). Museum purchase, Fowler McCormick, Class of 1921, Fund (2013-78 a-b)","cultureterms":[{"id":2036114,"culture":"Maya"}],"type":"artobject","dimensionsproposed":"","campus_art":false,"terms":[{"id":2171854,"term":"deities","aatid":null,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2055657,"term":"figures (representations)","aatid":300189808,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2035666,"term":"Early Classic","aatid":300016984,"termtype":"Period / Style"},{"id":2054791,"term":"sculpture","aatid":300047090,"termtype":"Classification"},{"id":2036114,"term":"Maya","aatid":null,"termtype":"Culture"},{"id":2194621,"term":"zoomorphic","aatid":300010338,"termtype":"Subject"},{"id":2160318,"term":"chalk","aatid":300011727,"termtype":"Materials"},{"id":2164290,"term":"stone","aatid":300011176,"termtype":"Materials"}],"geography":[{"displaygeography":"Place made: North America, Belize, Maya area, “Water-scroll” Kingdom","code":"Place made","continent":"North America","subcontinent":"Mesoamerica","country":"Belize","region":"Maya area","state":null,"city":null,"county":null,"subregion":null,"locale":"“Water-scroll” Kingdom","locus":null,"river":null,"excavation":null,"geoname":"http://www.geonames.org/3582678/belize.html","location":{"lat":"17.25","lon":"-88.75"}}],"dimensionelements":[{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"12.70"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"13.30"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Depth","units":"centimeters","dimension":"17.80"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Height","units":"centimeters","dimension":"13.30"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Width","units":"centimeters","dimension":"17.10"},{"element":"Overall","type":"Depth","units":"centimeters","dimension":"14.60"}],"markings":null,"accessionyear":"2013-01-01","newaccession":0,"makers":[{"id":18302,"displayname":"Chak Til Mo’ (‘Red Tapir-Macaw’)","displaydate":null,"datebegin":0,"dateend":0,"prefix":"Signed","suffix":null,"role":"Artist","displaymaker":"Signed Chak Til Mo’ (‘Red Tapir-Macaw’)","displayorder":1},{"id":24140,"displayname":"Til Man K’ihnich (Radiant Tapir ?)","displaydate":null,"datebegin":0,"dateend":0,"prefix":"Patron:","suffix":null,"role":"Patron","displaymaker":"Patron: Til Man K’ihnich (Radiant Tapir ?)","displayorder":4}],"datecomputed":550,"signed":"Signed (2013-78 b): Chak Til Mo’ (‘Red Tapir-Macaw’)","restrictions":null,"classification":"Sculpture","packages":[{"packageid":225488,"name":"Gallery_20(Pavilion5)-AAA"},{"packageid":278831,"name":"10282025-DAY1-ONVIEW"},{"packageid":181974,"name":"web_2020_AAA"},{"packageid":152535,"name":"web_seashells"}],"catalograisonne":"K3331","classifications":[{"id":2054791,"classification":"sculpture"}],"exhibitions":[{"exhibitionid":1726,"citation":"Treasures of Sacred Maya Kings (June 13 - September 10, 2006)","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"2006-06-13","enddate":"2006-09-10","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/1726"},{"exhibitionid":1727,"citation":"Masterpieces of Pre-Columbian Art from the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Peter G. Wray (April 11 - May 12, 1984)","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"1984-04-11","enddate":"1984-05-12","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/1727"},{"exhibitionid":1715,"citation":"Ancient Art of Middle America: Selections from the Jay C. Leff Collection (Feburary 17 - June 9, 1974)","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"1974-02-17","enddate":"1974-06-09","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/1715"},{"exhibitionid":1714,"citation":"Pre-Columbian Art of Mesoamerica from the Collection of Jay C. Leff (Feburary 13 - April 2, 1972)","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"1972-02-13","enddate":"1972-04-02","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/1714"},{"exhibitionid":1699,"citation":"Ancient Art of Latin America from the Collection of Jay C. Leff (November 22, 1966 - March 5, 1967)","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"1966-11-22","enddate":"1967-03-05","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/1699"},{"exhibitionid":1698,"citation":"Exotic Art from Ancient and Primitive Civilizations: Collection of Jay C. Leff (October 15, 1959 - March 1961)","isvirtual":true,"begindate":"1959-10-15","enddate":"1961-03","uri":"https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/art/exhibitions/1698"}],"cultures":[{"id":12497,"culture":"Maya","alphasort":"Maya","begindate":0,"enddate":0,"displayculture":"Maya","displaydate":null}],"primaryimage":["https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/2013-78AB_1"],"displaytitle":"Two Pawatuns","displayculture":"Maya","displaymaker":"Signed Chak Til Mo’ (‘Red Tapir-Macaw’) | Patron: Til Man K’ihnich (Radiant Tapir ?)","alt_numbers":[],"captionhtml":"Signed Chak Til Mo’ (‘Red Tapir-Macaw’), Maya, Early Classic Period, Patron: Til Man K’ihnich (Radiant Tapir ?), ca. 550 CE, Maya area, Belize, Mesoamerica, <i>Two Pawatuns</i>. Fine-grained chalk; 13.3 × 17.1 × 14.6 cm (a), 12.7 × 13.3 × 17.8 cm (b). Museum purchase, Fowler McCormick, Class of 1921, Fund (2013-78 a-b)","displaydate":"ca. 550 CE","medium":"Fine-grained chalk","media":[{"id":126178,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/2013-78AB_1","isprimary":1,"rank":2,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"Bruce White Photography"},{"id":150791,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/STU00599","isprimary":0,"rank":3,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"Bruce White photography"},{"id":150795,"uri":"https://media.artmuseum.princeton.edu/iiif/3/collection/STU00574","isprimary":0,"rank":4,"mediatypeid":1,"mediaviewtype":"(not assigned)","restrictions":null,"caption":"Bruce White photography"}],"displayperiod":"Early Classic Period","extended_content":true,"campuscollections":"false","bibliography":[{"boilertext":"Nicholas M. Hellmuth, <em>Monster und Menschen in der Maya-Kunst : eine Ikonographie der alten Religionen Mexikos und Guatemalas</em> (Graz, Austria: Akademische Druck-und Verlagsanstalt, 1987).","citation":"Nicholas M. Hellmuth, <em>Monster und Menschen in der Maya-Kunst : eine Ikonographie der alten Religionen Mexikos und Guatemalas</em> (Graz, Austria: Akademische Druck-und Verlagsanstalt, 1987)., figs. 706–713, pp. 308–309 (illus., drawings)","date":1987,"id":2951,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/17422928"},{"boilertext":"\"Acquisitions of the Princeton University Art Museum 2013,\"<em>&nbsp;Record of the Princeton University Art Museum</em> 73 (2014): p. 37-64.","citation":"\"Acquisitions of the Princeton University Art Museum 2013,\"<em>&nbsp;Record of the Princeton University Art Museum</em> 73 (2014): p. 37-64., pp. 44–45 (illus.)","date":2014,"id":2980,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/61312705"},{"boilertext":"Jay C. Leff, <em>Exotic Art from Ancient and Primitive Civilizations: A Selection from the Collection of Jay C. Leff,</em> The American Federation of the Arts (New York, 1961).","citation":"Jay C. Leff, <em>Exotic Art from Ancient and Primitive Civilizations: A Selection from the Collection of Jay C. Leff,</em> The American Federation of the Arts (New York, 1961)., cat. no. 45 (illus.)","date":1960,"id":2518,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/1014504"},{"boilertext":"<i>Exotic Art from Ancient and Primitive Civilizations: Collection of Jay C. Leff</i> (Pittsburgh, Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, Department of Fine Arts, 1959).","citation":"<i>Exotic Art from Ancient and Primitive Civilizations: Collection of Jay C. Leff</i> (Pittsburgh, Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, Department of Fine Arts, 1959)., cat. no. 460","date":1959,"id":2555,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/1014504"},{"boilertext":"Michael D. Coe and Justin Kerr,<I> The Art of the Maya Scribe </I>(New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1997).","citation":"Michael D. Coe and Justin Kerr,<I> The Art of the Maya Scribe </I>(New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1997)., pls. 78–80, p. 186 (illus.)","date":1997,"id":2570,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/38068915"},{"boilertext":"Elizabeth K. Easby, <I>Ancient Art of Latin America from the Collection of Jay C. Leff </I>(Brooklyn, The Brooklyn Museum, 1966). ","citation":"Elizabeth K. Easby, <I>Ancient Art of Latin America from the Collection of Jay C. Leff </I>(Brooklyn, The Brooklyn Museum, 1966). , cat. nos. 446 and 447, p. 101 (illus.)","date":1966,"id":2581,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/1857855"},{"boilertext":"Andre Emmerich, <I>Masterpieces of Pre-Columbian Art from the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Peter G. Wray</I> (New York, Andre Emmerich Gallery and Perls Galleries, 1984).","citation":"Andre Emmerich, <I>Masterpieces of Pre-Columbian Art from the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Peter G. Wray</I> (New York, Andre Emmerich Gallery and Perls Galleries, 1984)., cat. no. 41 (illus.)","date":1984,"id":2585,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/11152392"},{"boilertext":"Nicholas Hellmuth, <i>The Surface of the Underwater World: Iconography of the Gods of Early Classic Maya Art in Peten, Guatemala</i> (Culver City: Foundation for Latin American Anthropological Research, 1987).","citation":"Nicholas Hellmuth, <i>The Surface of the Underwater World: Iconography of the Gods of Early Classic Maya Art in Peten, Guatemala</i> (Culver City: Foundation for Latin American Anthropological Research, 1987)., figs. 179–181 (illus. drawings); fig. 183 c, d (illus.)","date":1987,"id":2607,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/18208217"},{"boilertext":"Stephen D. Houston, \"An Example of Homophony in Maya Script,\" <I>American antiquity</I> 49, no. 4 (1984).","citation":"Stephen D. Houston, \"An Example of Homophony in Maya Script,\" <I>American antiquity</I> 49, no. 4 (1984)., fig. 9b (illus.)","date":1984,"id":2612,"uri":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/279744"},{"boilertext":"Katheryn M. Linduff, <em>Ancient Art of Middle America</em> (Huntington, Huntington Galleries, 1974).","citation":"Katheryn M. Linduff, <em>Ancient Art of Middle America</em> (Huntington, Huntington Galleries, 1974)., cat. nos. 137–138","date":1974,"id":2618,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/1085942"},{"boilertext":"Michael Kan, <i>Pre-Columbian Art of Mesoamerica from the collection of Jay C. Leff </i>(Allentown, Allentown Art Museum, 1972).","citation":"Michael Kan, <i>Pre-Columbian Art of Mesoamerica from the collection of Jay C. Leff </i>(Allentown, Allentown Art Museum, 1972)., cat. nos. 111–112","date":1972,"id":2631,"uri":"https://search.worldcat.org/title/25338890"}],"nowebuse":"False","periods":[{"id":24014,"period":"Early Classic Period","alphasort":"Classic Period, Early","begindate":0,"enddate":0,"displayperiod":"Early Classic Period","displaydate":null}],"department":"Art of the Ancient Americas","attribute_groups":[{"id":2199317,"term":"Art of the Ancient Americas","termtype":"Collecting Area"}],"daterange":"A.D. 500-1000","dateend":555,"depicted":[],"titles":[{"title":"Two Pawatuns","titletype":"Primary Title","displayorder":1}],"hasimage":"true","creditlinerepro":null,"objectnumber":"2013-78 a-b","inscribed":null,"texts":[{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Gallery Label","textentryhtml":"These sculptures represent two distinct aspects of Pawatuns, old male deities who are thought to support the world. One Pawatun resides in a conch shell. The other represents a hybrid creature combining fish fins and the hindquarters of a crocodile; a fish nibbles at the tip of this creature’s tail. Each Pawatun is embellished with brief hieroglyphic texts, including the name of the pair’s original patron: Til Man K’ihnich (Radiant Tapir ?), sovereign of the “water-scroll” kingdom, probably located in Belize. Another text tucked under the spiral of one Pawatun’s conch shell is an extremely rare artist’s signature, stating that “Red Tapir Macaw was the sculptor.” This is the earliest known sculptor’s signature—and thus the earliest known named artist—in the Americas.\n","remarks":"AAA2_20-T6-2_CLA_FA_9_17_25.pdf - Day 1 installation"},{"texttype":"Online","textpurpose":"Provenance","textentryhtml":"<p>\n\t1950s, Robert L. Stolper, London [1]; by 1959, acquired by Jay C. Leff (1925-2000), Uniontown, PA [2]; Judith Nash, New York [3]; 1981, sold to Peter G. Wray (1934-2016), Scottsdale, AZ (no. 7080-W) [4]. Richard Manoogian, Detroit, IL [5]; November 19, 1990, Sotheby’s, New York, lot 91. 1991, US private collection; 2013, sold to the Princeton University Art Museum.\n</p>\n<p>\n\tNotes:\n\t<br />\n\t[1] According to correspondence with Scott Leff, dated August 2, 2020, referring to Jay C. Leff’s ledger.\n\t<br />\n\t[2] According to the work’s inclusion in the exhibition Exotic Art from Ancient and Primitive Cultures, Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, 1959.\n\t<br />\n\t[3] According to US private collection.\n\t<br />\n\t[4] According to US private collection and Sotheby’s, Pre-Columbian Art (New York: Sotheby’s, 1990), lot 91.\n\t<br />\n\t[5] Ibid.\n</p>","remarks":null}],"datebegin":545,"sortnumber":"2013   78 a    b","published_date":"2026-08-21 02:05:26.511410","objectid":86996,"dimensions":"a: 13.3 × 17.1 × 14.6 cm (5 1/4 × 6 3/4 × 5 3/4 in.)\r\nb: 12.7 × 13.3 × 17.8 cm (5 × 5 1/4 × 7 in.)","on_view":true}